246 Numismatic Gleanings. [no. 6, new series, 



into the country to supply the deficiency of inhabitants from the Tuluva- 

 desam (modern Canara). They are called Tuluva-Vellazhar to the pre- 

 sent day. Some were brought from the Chola-desam, still called Chola 

 Vellazhar. He called from the north certain Brahmins by birth, whom 

 he fixed as accountants. The Kondai Katti Vellazha, were appointed by 

 him. He acquired the name of Chacravarti from rescuing the people from 

 their troubles. The name of Curumba-bhumi was discontinued ; the 

 country was called Tondamandalam ; and common consent ascribes to 

 Adondai the regulation of the country."! 



The mention of the brazen gates which it was thought worth 

 while to carry away to Tanjore, the execution of the coins and the 

 superiority of the older sculptures at the Seven pagodas, as on the 

 raChas, prove that the arts had kept face with commerce and that 

 the Curumbers must have attained a considerable degree of civili- 

 zation. 



Fig. 90, the concluding coin of this plate has been introduced 

 on account of the similarity in form and execution of the bull with 

 those just described and as forming a link with the Chola series 

 of coins to be noticed hereafter. 



Obverse ; a standing figure rudely designed, the right hand rest- 

 ing on a mace or sceptre, the left raised. 



Reverse ; a bull with a crescent over its back. 



The association of the horse with military operations has at all 

 times and in all countries caused it to be embla- 



The Horse Type. ZQne( j ag & distinguishing mark of warlike na- 

 tions. Although not peculiar to the Buddhists it was a favorite 

 symbol and occurs on many coins of the period of their ascendancy. 



Figs. 91 and 99 have been selected for their more perfect 

 reverses from a number received from Cuddapah. 



Obverse ; a horse with an anchor-shaped symbol above and a 

 sphere or circle in front. 



called the Ganga Kula. A similar tradition exists in Canara of the emigration 

 of the cultivating class from Ahech'hatra at the instance of an early Kadamba 

 King. The tradition in the extract seems to refer to a second emigration of this 

 same tribe. — W. E. 



t Mad. Jour. Lit. and Sc., Vol. VII. p. 316. Jour. As. Soc. Ben., Vol. VII. 



p. 403, 



