Mat 26, 1894. j 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



At Thursday's meeting, after the transaction of some pre- 

 liminary business, Dr. Bean read a highly interesting paper 

 by Livingston Stone, on ''The Non-Feeding Habits of the 

 Chenook Salmon in Fresh Water." Mr. Stone examined the 

 stomachs of (36 salmon at Baird, Cal., and found them con- 

 tracted so that they could not hold a walnut; the throats 

 also were so small that one could not pass a finger through 

 them. The salmon, he states, not only does not eat, but can- 

 not do so if it desired. There are, of course, rare exceptions 

 to this rule. The article was discussed by Col. McDonald, 

 Fred Mather, H. O. Wilbur, Dr. James, Dr. Bean and Mr. 

 Stokes. Mr. Wilbur once knew of a mouse found in a 

 stomach of the Atlantic salmon. Mr. Stokes and Dr. Bean 

 related instances of the capture of other anadromous fish, as 

 the shad, by means of grasshoppers, minnows and artificial 

 flies. 



A very lively discussion followed the delivery of Mr. Chas. 

 F. ChambeHayne's address on "A Pressing Need." The 

 essence of Mr. Chamberlayne's advice may be summed up in 

 three propositions: (I) Put down the po'aeher; (2) antagon- 

 ize the Commercial Fisheries Association, and (3) organize 

 for protective legislation and for the education of the people 

 in favor of protection. Capt. Collins defended the com- 

 mercial fishermen, and Mr. Whitaker and others renewed 

 the charges of destruction of the fish food supply and failure 

 to assist in the efforts to restock depleted waters. 



The committee on nominations reported the following 

 names of officers for the ensuing year, all of whom were duly 

 elected: President, W. L, May; Vice-President. R. O, 

 Sweeny; Treasurer, Frank J. Amsden; Secretaries, E. P. 

 Doyle and Dr. J. A. Henshall; Executive Committee, H. H. 

 Cary, L. D. Huntington, H. C. Ford, Calvin Spensley, Chas. 

 F. Chamberlayne and Hoyt Post. New York was fixed upon 

 as the place of holding the meeting in 1895. 



Following is a complete list of members who registered 

 their attendance: H. C. Ford, E. P. Doyle, L. D. Huntington, 

 W. H. Bowman, Robt. Hamilton. H. H. Cary, Herschel 

 Whitaker, W. L. May, Jas. N. Miller. B. W. James, J. W. 

 Collins, John Gay, Chas. F. Charnbeilayne, M, McDonald, 

 T. H. Bean, R. Rathbun, W. L. Powell, E. Hagert, W. H. 

 Benkhardt, Fred Mather, B. U. Douredoure, Jacob Dowler, 

 J. R. Sypher, J. F. Ellis, W. E. Meehan, H. O. Wilbur, J. S. 

 Van Cleef, H. H. Van Cleef, M. G. Sellers. 



Before adjournment a very important committee on in- 

 crease of membership was appointed; it includes Messrs. E. 

 P. Doyle, Herschel Whitaker and W. L. Powell. At 2. P.M. 

 on Thursday the Society availed itself of Commissioner Mc 

 Donald's offer and visited the shad-fishing grounds in the 

 vicinity of Gloucester, N. J,, on the steamer Fish Hawk. 



New York Association. 



THE New York (City) Association for the Protection of 

 Game held its semi-centennial jubilee last Monday night at 

 the Gerlach. 



Of those present were the president, Robert B. Roosevelt, 

 Judge H, W. Bookstaver, Col. E. A. McAlpin, Austin 

 Corbin, A. Roe, Richard Pancoast, George H. Penniman 

 Dr. G. S. Winston, Simeon J. Drake, Thomas N. Cuthbert 

 J. Fred. Pierson, Hart Lyman, Esq., H. A. V. Post. Charles 

 T. Van Santvoord, H. M. Carey, Edson Bradley, Dr. S. A 

 Main, E. G. Whitaker, the Hon. B. L. Ludington, Charles 

 F. Imbrie, G. W. Cotterill, John W. Keller. District Attorney 

 John R. Fellows, Wakeman Holberton, G. B. Penniman 

 Henry Steers, Charles E. Whitehead, Charles R. Miller, Dr. 

 George A. Quinby, William Carpender, Col. Alfred Wagstaff. 

 Dr. John W. Green, Hugh Auchincloss, Raymond L. Ward 

 Charles Hallock. 



President Roosevelt reviewed the history of the society 

 from the first meeting on May 20, 1844, "to consider the in- 

 tolerably oppressive nature of the laws regarding dogs 

 whereby many valuable sporting dogs were lost to their 

 owners." After naming the men of high standing and influ- 

 ence who had been members of the Association, he said: 



In continuing your investigations, when you come to con- 

 sider the work of the Association, you would find it from the 

 commencement the same substantially as we are doing it 

 to-day. On May 31, 1844, a reward was offered for evidence 

 that would lead to conviction for disobedience to the law. At 

 that time the only laws for the protection of game were to be 

 found in the ordinances of the city, which were passed by the 

 Common Council. The Association had these printed 

 framed and hung up in ferry houses, railroad stations and 

 other public places, and a committee was appointed to visit 

 public refectories and get evidence by calling for "owls, alias 

 woodcock," as the resolution quaintly puts it. And owls are 

 still to be had occasionally in the lower class of restaurants 

 to-day— and our committee is still watching for offending 

 vendors. Robbins of Fulton Market was prosecuted to con- 

 viction, and paid $175. In 1847 Delmonico was sued. Within 

 a year his successor, bearing the same name and following 

 the same practices, has met the same fate. 



In 1845 $100 was appropriated for the purchase of live quail 

 and pinnated grouse were let loose on Long Island. Odd as 

 it may seem, too, so soon after the formation of the club as 

 Aug. 26, 1844, a committee was appointed to arrange for an 

 annual supper. Hence it seems that from the very first good 

 digestion waited on the appetites of good sportsmen. 



Shortly afterward the members assumed the habit of meet- 

 ing at one another's houses, and no doubt had many as royal 

 a time as we used to enjoy a few years back before the club 

 became so wealthy that it could afford to pay for its own 

 dinners. The first pigeon match was arranged in the club in 

 1847, and Mr. Charles H. Haswell represented the club at the 

 first State sportsmen's convention on Nov. 15. 1859, for our 

 club had been most useful as a model for the formation of 

 others of a similar kind. 



But the real work of the Association turned out to be just 

 as we have found it during our time of effort; the great en- 

 deavor has been to perfect the game laws. At that time 

 there was clashing between the Legislature, the supervisors 

 and the city council. The question of interstate commerce 

 was raised. There were different views held by different 

 sportsmen as to the proper times of shooting and the best 

 means of preserving game. Laws were prepared and per- 

 fected only to be emasculated and disjointed in the hands of 

 the law-making powers. Frank Forrester wanted the time 

 for woodcock shooting not to commence till the 1st of Sep- 

 tember; others were after that feu follet of protection a 

 uniform time for the killing of all game birds. 



Such is the early history of our club as I find it recorded 

 in the curious and interesting minutes of its proceedings 

 I was personally acquainted with most of the men that I 

 have mentioned, and knew some of them intimately, socially 

 and as sportsmen, although I did not become a member till 

 nearly twenty years afterward. Some of them were splen- 

 did shots and skillful fishermen, and grand good fellows. 

 They had started their work for the public benefit well and 

 disinterestedly. It would be natural to suppose that those 

 who took delight in the pursuit of game would not be very 

 particular whether they killed it at one season or another, 

 and that they would be humanly selfish enough to want to 

 get it when they could and not wait till when they ought 

 But on the contrary they gave their untiring efforts to the 

 public for the protection of one of its most important 

 interests. 



New Jersey Fish Commissioners. 



Trenton, N. J., May 15.— Gov. Werts this afternoon ap- 

 pointed the new State Fish Commissioners, as follows: W. 

 Campbell Clark, Howard Frothintjliani, Parker Pace, and 

 George W. Pfeifer. 



Colorado State Association. 



Salida, Colorado, May 9.— Editor Forest and Stream: 

 The Colorado State Sportsmen's Association was organized 

 in this city last night with a membership nearing fifty, and a 

 constitution and by-laws that are broad in their scope. It is 

 believed on this account that the new organization will grow 

 to immense proportions and spread its influence throughout 

 the State. The officers elected were: Peter Mulvauy, Salida 

 President; Dr. Hall, Telluride, First Vice-President; A. E' 

 McKenzie, Denver, Second Vice-President; Walter Thomas, 

 Leadville, Secretary; Bryant Haywood, Denver, Treasurer' 

 Executive Committee: J. N. Lower, Denver; Dr. Baird, Sa- 

 guache; S. Moore, Telluride; T. J. Tkompson, Gunnison; 

 C. L. Hoagland, Salida. JohnLehrritter, Salida, was chasm 

 game warden of the Association, to act as an agent of the 

 Association with the State game warden in the appointment 

 of game wardens, without pay, throughout the State. 



In his remarks when taking the chair as president Mr. Mul- 

 vanysaid: "Most of the time during the past twenty-five 

 years_ I have been a member of some rod and gun club or 

 association of sportsmen who delighted in the health-giving 

 exercise and recreation of hunting and fishing, and iu meas- 

 uring in honorable competition at the traps their ability in 

 shooting. In that time I have seldom met a member of a gun 

 club in any country (and I have been around the world a 

 good deal) who was not a true, liberal-minded, open-hearted, 

 whole-souled, reliable gentleman. You may meet them in 

 the cities, on the trains, on the hunting grounds, at the 

 camp-fires, at the traps, or wherever you will, they are the 

 same, always willing to make you feel perfectly at home 

 with them and have you partake of the very best 

 they possess. I am proud to see in this convention 

 the same class of gentlemen who are actuated with 

 the spirit and enthusiasm of the true sportsman. 

 Mauy of you have come long distances regardless of cost, 

 time and fatigue to be present at this meeting, which was 

 called by our esteemed and efficient State Game and Fish 

 Warden, W. R. Callicotte, for the purpose of forming a State 

 association for the better protection of our game and fish. 

 This convention will consider this subject thoroughly and 

 act wisely. I am glad to see you here to-night, and on behalf 

 of the sportsmen and citizens of Colorado, of Chaffee county, 

 of Salida, and especially of the Salida Rod and Gun Club, I 

 extend to you a hearty welcome to our city, and I trust you 

 will enjoy the freedom and hospitality that our people will 

 bestow upon you during your stay with us, and when you 

 shall have returned to your homes after this conven- 

 tion adjourns and the tournament is over I hope it will be 

 with a better knowledge of the duties of a true sportsman 

 in the protection of the game and fish of the State. As 

 president of the Salida Rod and Gun Club, and speaking 

 for its members, I desire to say that we have done all in our 

 power under the circumstances to give you a good entertain- 

 ing time, and although we have not succeeded as well in 

 that respect as we hoped to do we trust that the sportsmen 

 present will leave Salida with good .feelings for our club 

 and citizens, and we hope to meet you and every member of 

 clubs in the West in some of our cities or towns in the near 

 future at a larger tournament of the Colorado State Sports- 

 men's Association." 



The applause which followed showed that President Mul- 

 vany had struck the right key. Mr. Callicotte's address is 

 sent you in full. 



The Necessity of Organized Effort. 



[A paper read by Fish Commissioner W. E. Callicote, before the 

 Colorado State Sportsmen's Association, at Salida, May 8.] 



It is with great pleasure that I witness the assemblage of 

 so many who are interested in the preservation of our fish and 

 game. The time has come when all lovers of our fish, birds 

 and game animals must concentrate their efforts in 'better 

 game preservation, or before the close of the century our 

 game will be practically extinct. This convention has been 

 called with that idea. Let us carefully consider matters pre- 

 sented to us on this subject and work together harmoniously 

 for the one end— the better preservation of our game. 



The State has done something in this matter, and we hope 

 will do still more in the future. We have three State wardens 

 besides myself. I have the work of State Fish Commissioner 

 in addition, this alone being sufficient to occupy my entire 

 time. We have a fairly good law. It has faults, of course 

 We find the following difficulties in preserving game and 

 fish: First, alack of co-operative public sentiment; second, 

 a disposition to kill more than is really necessary for im- 

 mediate use; third, a rivalry to catch or kill more than 

 another in the same party; fourth, an abnormal desire to kill 

 for fine specimens; fifth, killing among ranchmen for 

 'winter's meat;" sixth, killing on the border for market and 

 hides; seventh, killing by the Indians; eighth, the destruc- 

 tion of fish by irrigating ditches; ninth, the dynamiting of 

 fish; tenth, the catching of small fisb; eleventh, the adver- 

 tisement of game districts by the railroad and others. 



We have made more than fifty arrests and convictions 

 and to a great extent, have stopped the sale and shipment oi 

 any part of the animal. The professional pot-hunting has 

 been practically stopped. And yet we are not satisfied with 

 our work. We must have the co-operation of all true sports- 

 men in order to do our work well. In the first case, we be- 

 lieve such conventions as this will tend to create a better 

 understanding, a better feeling for our work. The enforce- 

 ment of the law in all cases where intentional violation 

 occurs will greatly assist in creating a better sentiment. To 

 secure this, game associations should be organized in every 

 county, whose object should be to co-operate with the wardens 

 in securing evidence against violators and in the preservation 

 of game. Each of these societies should have one or more 

 Deputy State Wardens with authority to arrest and prosecute 

 I believe an incorporated State association could do excellent 

 work. The State wardens should be faithful honest men, 

 who are willing to do their duty without fear or favor. In 

 the second case, our guides and others should give our tour- 

 ists to understand that no over-killing will be permitted at 

 any time, and any one violating the regulation should be 

 sent from the field in dishonor, or arrested and fined. 



The ranchmen and stockmen should conform to the law 

 and kill for immediate use only. It has been a difficult task 

 to convince these people that they must not kill their "win- 

 ter's meat." 



No law is effectual without public sentiment is back of it. 

 In several districts arrests and convictions have been made 

 for gross violation of the law where public sentiment was 

 against game laws of any kind. I am pleased to say, how- 

 ever, that the sentiment is changing, and in many cases we 

 now have the co operation of the majority. Let us endeavor 

 to cultivate this growing disposition to enforce the law. The 

 border hide and pot hunters have been one of the worst ene- 

 mies. Remaining near the line of an adjoining State or 

 Territory, they can easily escape to foreign territory. We 

 have by co-operation with other officers in the States and Ter- 

 ritories, almost stopped this class of marauders. The Indian 

 depredation has been a puzzling problem. The only solution 

 to this difficulty is to get rid of the Southern Ute, and we 

 hope to soon send him over the line, where he may be kept in 

 bounds by the U. S. Army, and not be permitted to enter our 

 State. 



The White River Ute has forfeited all treaty rights in Col- 

 orado and should not be permitted on our soil. A permanent 

 warden in that locality seems to be the most feasible plan to 

 stop his depredations. An honest Indian agent could greatly 

 assist us. The destruction of fish by irrigating ditches has 

 been a source of annoyance. There is no law ayainst keeping 

 open ditches, hence the native trout are soon destroyed. 



largely used for irrigating unless some guarantee is given 

 that ditches will be screened. I am satisfied that a horizon- 

 tal screemwill be eventually used in the fall when [trout go 

 S?r n ' u Wlfcl1 tut little care it; mav De made practicable. 

 5""r no r serious trouble has been the catching of small 

 fish, yearlings and larger. I believe this may be overcome to 

 a great extent by a law preventing a stream from being 

 fished forat least two years after having been planted with 

 trout. 



The advertisement of the railways and others has created 

 a draft upon our game and fish that has seriously affected 

 us, I believe the time has come when self-preservation 

 requires a law prohibiting the catching of our fish and the 

 killing of our game except by citizens of our own State. 



Forest fires are a great source of destruction to both game 

 and fish. The ashes are deadly poison to trout. A burnt 

 district diminishes the water supply and destroys insect life, 

 the source of food for trout. Each game warden should be 

 a forest commissioner with authority to arrest careless 

 campers and others who may fire or otherwise destroy our 

 beautiful mountain forests. Thousands of acres are burned 

 over every year. 



I am thoroughly in earnest in this matter, and am greatly 

 encouraged by the increased interest being taken throughout 

 the State in the subject. The good effect of our prohibitory 

 law in regard to killing mountain sheep has been shown by 

 the great increase in the past years. I think I am safe in 

 saying that we have ten times as many as we had seven 

 years ago. Let us put elk on the list with buffalo and 

 mountain sheep for at least five years. We should unite in 

 one grand effort for the better preservation of our fish, 

 game and birds. 



When Shad Were a Penny Apiece. 



BY CHAELES HALLOCK. 

 [Bead before the American Fisheries Society.] 



Evert schoolboy knows in a general way that shad were 

 once so abundant in the Connecticut River that hired men 

 used to stipulate that they should be served with only a lim- 

 ited quantity per week for food, but I dare say few people, 

 adolescent or adult, are aware that it was considered disrep- 

 utable a century and a half ago to eat shad, and that the 

 epithet of shad-eater" was regarded as most obnoxious and 

 opprobrious in New England. 



Whether it was because shad were in common use by the 

 vagabond Indians who occupied the valley, or because their 

 very cheapness and abundance made them vulgar, history 

 does not state. But it is of record, that shad were over- 

 looked, thrown out, and despised as food by a large propor- 

 tion of the English occupants of the old towns for a period 

 of one hundred years after their settlement. Only poor 

 people ate shad in those days. Shad eating implied a de- 

 ficiency of pork, and to bedestitue of pork indicated poverty 

 Even now an apology is sometimes made when a family has 

 no meat,'' as pork was always designated. The story is told 

 of a well-to-do family in Hadley, which was always an aris- 

 tocratic town, who, hearing a knock on the door just as they 

 .were about to dine on this tabooed fish, incontinently hid the 

 platter under the bed. Indeed, so ground into popular sen- 

 sibility was this ancient prejudice, that as recently as forty 

 years ago members of the Connecticut Legislature were 

 sometimes taunted with the epithet of "shad-eaters." The 

 radical change of appreciation which has taken place since 

 can be realized when we find these same people boasting now 

 of the superlative quality of their shad as compared with all 

 others in the markets. 



Not until forty years before the Revolution was this econo- 

 mic ban removed and shad became a merchantable com- 

 modity. Connecticut shad in barrels were first advertised 

 in Boston in 1736, though they were current in river towns 

 for at least three years previous at one penny apiece. By 

 1773 prices had advanced to two and three pence, and in 1778 

 several thousand barrels were put up for the Continental 

 troops. In 1779 the price reached four pence ha'penny and 

 after the dam was placed at South Hndley Falls in 1795 the 

 number of shad in the river perceptibly diminished and the 

 price gradually advanced to six pence, nine pence, one shil- 

 ling and then higher, until men ceased to buy shad to bar- 

 rel for family use. Thenceforward they became a fancy fish 

 and a luxury, even replacing the salmon, which had always 

 maintained a high precedence, but had now also disappeared 

 by reason of the dams which obstructed their ascent of the 

 river. 



Shad never passed the Bellows Falls, at Walpole, New 

 Hampshire, nor the falls of the Chicopee River, in Massachu- 

 setts, though salmon surmounted both. 



In 1739, according to Sylvester Judd, the historian, the 

 town of Brookfield petitioned the General Court for leave to 

 make a fish way for shad through the ledges of rocks across 

 the Chicopee at Springfield, so that they might come up the 

 river into the ponds, but Springfield opposed, and permission 

 was not granted. The burghers feel differently now. Until 

 the erection of the dam at Holyokein 1849 caused an effectual 

 blockade, shad were fairly abundant in the lower reaches of 

 the Connecticut and falls; wherever they occurred were always 

 chosen fishing places for both salmon and shad. Gangs of 

 professional fishermen hired valuable seining privileges, and 

 during the fishing season in April, May and early June rival 

 camps were often the scenes of much horse play and frolic at 

 off hours. History tells how the farmers and netters used to 

 gather from all parts of the adjacent valley, and even from 

 Berkshire, to the number of 1,500 or more at a time, just as 

 they gather now on the tributaries of the Columbia when 

 salmon are running, or on the rivers of Nova Scotia for ale- 

 wives and gaspereaux. 



Since the construction of the Holyoke dam many efforts 

 have been made to restock the Connecticut with salmon and 

 shad, and with partial success as respects the latter. But it 

 is very doubtful if its old prestige ever returns, and certain 

 that shad will never again be sold for a penny apiece. 



The Pennsylvania Limited 



traverses the State of Pennsylvania, with its wealth of mountain 

 scenery. The mountains and valleys are superb in the freshness of 

 early spring— Adv. 



FIXTURES. 



DOG SHOWS. 



May 30 to June 2.— Alameda County Sportsmen's Association, at 

 Oakland, California. 



Sept. 4 to 7.— Des Moines Kennel Club, at Des Moines, Iowa. M. 

 Bruce, Sec'y. 



Sept. 10 to 14— Toronto Industrial Exhibition Association, at 

 Toronto. C. A. Stone, Sec'y. 



Sept. 18 to 21.— Rhode Island State Fair Association, at Cranston, R. 

 I. W. W. Dexter, Sec'y. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



Sept. 5.— Manitoba Field Trials Club, at Morris, Man. R. J. Gallaue 

 her, Winnipeg, Sec'y. 



Nov. 5.— United States Field Trial Club, at Bicknell, Ind P T 

 Madison, Indianapolis, Ind., Sec'y. 



Nov. 6.— International Field Trials, at Chatham, Ont. W. B. Wells. 

 Sec'y. 



Nov. S3— Eastern Field Trials Club, at Newton, N. C. W. A. Coater. 



— " >t v ^ «,L. iicHtuu, at. nr. a, router, 



