T. TADOKOEO. 



mature flax stem. The stems used for the observation of aiiatoiuic.il structun 

 were those grown ou the field, rather thickly sown, according to the usual 

 method of cultivation in Hokkaido. 



1. The epidermis is a layer with many stomata ; its cells are alway 

 ellipticaL The outer wall is almost even and close to the cuticle and more 

 resistible than the inner wall. The thickness of the cuticle varies according 

 to the height and diameter of the stem. The cuticle has strong lesisting 

 power against the action of organisms and other physical conditions. 



2. The outer cell of the cortical parenchyma resembles an epidermal 

 cell in form but the other cells are so slender that we can easily distinguish 

 them from the former. 



a. The phloem-parenchyma consists of 1-5 cell layers and the cells bet- 

 ween the fiber bundles have more or less irregular form. The fibers have a 

 long, streched, spindle form, with almost sharp pointed ends. A cross section 

 of the fiber in the middle part of the stem has an angular form with 3-7 

 sides, but that of the upper or lower part of the stem has a round oval form. 

 The walls are quite thick and the lumen in the lower and the upper part of 

 the stem are large and have many striations and pits. 



4. The xylera portion consists of the vessels, trachids, wood-paivncln ma 

 mMlullary rays. The diameter of all elements become smaller from inner 



filled. The cells inc 



Anatomical Changes during Retting. 



last and each period < 

 of the last period, not 



