234 Memoir Descriptive of the Vurragherry [Oct, 



of the ruins of Yeeniputchy, and crosses the high road a mile and 

 three quarters from the lower fall. 



The Autucul river issues from the summit of the Aurunganul hill, 

 descends abruptly down its slopes, and fertilizes for three miles the 

 narrow vale of Perrumpullum, winds N. W. one mile and a half, and 

 west one mile and a half through a narrow and deep valley, pours 

 down in a series of cataracts, and, turning S. S. W. one mile and a 

 half, receives the Kowinjee stream. The latter having run a course 

 N. by E. six miles from its sources in the Permal range, is now called 

 the Yurdaputnum river, winds N. W. three and a quarter miles to a dam 

 constructed across it, the channel from it winding north runs towards 

 Ayagoody. About two furlongs below the dam, a small branch goes 

 off and is conveyed into a tank south of the above place ; the river now 

 splits in two, unites again about a mile below, and half a mile fur- 

 ther on has a strong dam across it. The canal conveyed away on the 

 right bank flows south of the hill of Pulney, and ultimately discharges 

 itself into the large tank west of the temple. The river now assumes 

 the name of the Wurretar, and, running a devious course of four and a 

 half miles N. W. by W. through an open tract, discharges itself into 

 the Palar, one and a half mile W. S. W. of the temple of Pulney, hav- 

 ing run a serpentine course of seventeen miles from its furthest source. 



The Palar rises in the open slopes in the Kullerungavvay hills, and 

 only a short distance from the southern summit of these mountains. 

 It flows in a small stream to the east, north of Shumbaganur, and 

 N. E. five miles from the source rushes down by a series of cataracts 

 between hills, to where a road crosses it to the east' from Vilputty 

 (here it is called the Munjarraar), and a short distance below receives 

 the Yilputty, a powerful stream on the left, rushing down the ramifica- 

 tions of the Turdulla and Tinnewurray chain of hills, which swells it to 

 a considerable stream ; it then flows N. N. W. winding in a deep valley 

 with shelving banks. On either side are tracts of paddy cultivation 

 almost to Kapacad, an open spot on the right bank. In a winding it 

 here receives a large stream from the Permal chain, and several lesser 

 ones on the left. Rushing down the ramifications of the Tinnewurray 

 range, it now makes many serpentine windings, labouring as it were 

 to escape from the mountains, and ultimately precipitates itself into a 

 deep chasm N. E. two and a quarter miles, from Koyconda; thence, con- 

 fined between precipices, glides down in a thick forest over a rocky 

 bed to the lyempully anni or dam. Here a small branch of it is in- 

 geniously conveyed into a canal from its right bank. Quitting the hills, 

 it meanders through a forest N. W. to Mampully, a mausoleum on the 



