222 Report on Writing Indian Words [No. 8, New Series, 



a short is followed by ^ it is generally pronounced long or 

 like a double aa, in consequence of the deepening sound of 

 the y Thus 



^Jj.^vVc r ft%ct Cr m.ul pronounced rnami'il custom. So 

 •A^v ta'tdh'tk pronounced tdlluk, a division of a district ; 

 7ia"Z a nail, pronounced 7*a/. 



8. a long, as the a in ' father.' As an initial it is \, or alif- 

 i-manduda, or prolonged alif. As a medial or final, it is \ 

 without the circumflex, as ^ ndld a water couse. 



9. i short ; as the i in ' single.' This is simply the zer 



(para, 2.) Thus the word \ ijdrd a lease L^xi^ khil c at* 

 a dress of honor. 



10. Hong; as the i in 'pique.' This is the ydf with 

 the zer under and preceding it, It is called the ya-i~ 



ma c rufoT known ya, this sound only being known in Arabic : 



as Ltj\X* m ^ ra $ heritage. As an initial it is thus \j) 



Trkn Persia. 



11. e long ; as the ei in ( neighbour.' (There is no short 

 e in Hindustani.) It is called yd-i-majhul or unknown, as 

 it is a sound not known in Arabic. It is distinguished from 

 the i of para. 1 0, and the ai of para. 1 2, by having no vowel 

 mark, either above or below, Thus jjj lei oil. As an ini- 

 tial it is as ek one, 



12. ai, as the ai in 'aisle.' It is the yd with a zabar 

 over and preceding it, and thence called ya-i-sdkin md kabl 

 maftuh, or ya quiescent with a preceding fat'ha. Thus \jj^ 0 

 maiddn a plain. As an initial it is ^\ ; So \ mjJ \ aisd sueh^ 



* With reference to the N. B., of para 7, it will bo observed that in this 

 word, the ^ preceds the a, and tho a is not lengthened. 



t The letter 4> is sometime consonant y, as when united with , as 

 j\j ydd memory £\)Jt forykd complaint. Words ending in preceded 

 by long a or long i are pronounced as yat. Thus i^uOl^A.' 'panchdydi a 

 meeting of Arbitrators ^^J.^jj habuliyat an agreement. 



