Oct. 1858.— Mae. 1869.] In Roman Characters. 223 



IS. u short ; as the u in 'fulsome.' This is simply the 

 pesh (para. 3,) as ^ /i ^ mulh a kingdom. As an initial, it is 



j> 0 fa j ii 



1 5 as | a teacher, 



1-1. long ; as the oo in 'fool.' It is the . wdo* with 

 a pesh over and preceding it, or wdo mawuf, or known wdo. 

 Thus zarur necessary. As an initial it is ^ ^ hut hardly 

 any Hindustani wwds begin with it. 



15. 6 long; as the o in 'bony.' (There is no short o 

 in Hindustani.) This is called wdo map Ml or unknown wdo, 

 as it is not used in Arabic, though common in Persian, It is 

 distinguished from the u of para. 14 by having no vowel 

 mark attached. It is not used as an initial. N. B. When wdo 

 follows ^ it is written but not pronounced ; and then it is 



distinguished in Roman characters, by w. Thus LJL ^\^ ^ 



darkhwast a proposal. This wao is called wao-i-macdula or 

 the passed-by wdo, 



16. au ; as ou in 1 bound.' It is the wdo with the zabar 

 over and preceding it. Thus haul permission \ ^ £ nau- 

 kar a servant. As an initial it is j\ as J\j^\ auldd offspring, ^\ 

 aur and. It is called ivdo~i-sdkin md kohl maftuh, for it is 

 quiescent, and follows fatfha, (See para. 12.) 



W. II. Bayley. 



* FEe letter J is also used as a consonant. 



