262 Substitution oj the Roman [No. 8, new series. 



be represented by the Roman characters quite as easily as by the 

 Indian. 



I adhere to the order of the Deva-Nagari. 



Vowels, 



Short Vowels, a, i, u, e, o. 

 Diphthongs, ai (or ei), an. 



Consonants. 

 Gutturals, k, kh, g, gh. 

 Palatals, c, ch, j, jh. 

 Dentals, t, th, d, dh, n. 

 Labials, p, ph, b, bh, m, 

 Semi-voiuels, y, r, 1, v. 

 Sibilants, — sh, s. 

 Aspirate, h. 



On examining the above list, it will be seen that I have trans- 

 literated one consonant, with its aspirate, somewhat differently 

 from the usual mode. The first consonant of the palatal row is 

 generally represented by ch and its aspirate by chh. I have pre- 

 ferred c and ch. This change seems desirable partly for the sake 

 of the Sanskrit itself, in which ch is a purely palatal letter, with- 

 out any admixture of an aspirate, and therefore unaptly translite- 

 rated by a compound letter with an h in it (besides which the as- 

 pirate chh is particularly awkward), but chiefly for the sake of the 

 Tamil, which uses its own ch as the representative of all palatal 

 and nearly all sibilant sounds. The Tamil borrows occasionally 

 Grantham letters for expressing the strong sibilants sh and s when 

 they occur in Sanskrit words, but it always uses its own ch for " the 

 s of Siva" (and sometimes for s), as well as for ch, chh,j,jh. 



This Tamil letter, when single, has a sound midway between s and 

 ch, but when doubled has exactly the sound of the English and Deva- 

 nagari ch. It is fortunate for the Deva-nagari ch that it is rarely 

 doubled ; but the Tamil ch is doubled very frequently, and if it were 

 represented by the Roman ch, we should meet the barbarous com- 

 bination, chch, in almost every line. We should thus also be wast- 

 ing two V s on a compound which has no aspirate in it, and that 



