of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 



139 



. pollachius; minutus, 



luscus; esmarkii. 

 callarias. 

 virens. 



III. Lateral Line — 



a. curved, dark, 



b. ,, posterior part white, 



c. straight, white, 



IV. Tail Fin (Hind Edge)— 



a. straight or slightly convex, 



b. very slightly concave, 



c. slightly concave, . 



d. distinctly forked, . 



e. deeply cleft, 



V. Snout (The part from tip of upper jaw to anterior edge of the orbit) — 



a. sharp, ..... virens; pollachius; esmarkii. 



b. blunt, ..... callarias; luscus ; minutus. 



VI. Eye (horizontal diameter of the orbit) — 



a. as large as, or larger than, the snout, 



b. not so large as the length of the snout, 



VII. Barbel — 



a. absent, ....... pollachius. 



b. very minute, ....... virens. 



c. small, slender, about half the diameter of the eye, . esmarkii. 



d. big, stout, ..... callarias; luscus; minutus. 



VIII. Anal Fins— 



a. united, ........ luscus. 



b. separate, . . callarias ; virens ; pollachius ; minutus ; esmarkii. 



IX. Ventral Fin* (length of)— 



a. less than two-thirds of the length of the Pectoral Fin, virens; pollachius. 



b. about five-sixths of the length of Pectoral, . . callarias. 



luscus ; minutus ; esmarkii. 



callarias (large). 

 callarias (small) ; luscus. 



. minutus. 

 . pollachiits; esmarkii. 



virens. 



luscus ; minutus ; esmarkii 

 callarias ; virens; pollachius. 



X. 



c. almost as long as the Pectoral, 

 Second and Third Dorsal Fins — 



callarias ; virens ; pollachius 



a. united, 



b. separate, 



XI. Girth at Pectoral Region — 



a. greater than the girth at Anus, 



b. less than the girth at the Anus, 



XII. Scales — very deciduous, 



XIII. Length — 



a. not exceeding 10 inches (25 cm. ), 



b. not exceeding 17 inches (42 cm.), 



c. exceeding 17 inches (42 cm.), 



sometimes in luscus. 

 luscus; minutus; esmarkii. 



callarias. 



virens ; pollachius ; luscus ; minutus ; 



esmarkii. 

 luscus : minutus. 



callarias; virens ; pollachius ; luscus ; 



minutus ; esmarkii. 

 . callarias ; virens ; pollachius ; 



luscus ; minutus. 

 . callarias ; virens ; pollachius. 



LITERATURE. 



Cunningham. — "Marketable Marine Fishes." London, 1896. [Short descrip- 

 tions of G. luscus and G. minutus. ] 



Day.— " The Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland." London, 1880-1884. 



Fulton. — " The Spawning and Spawning Places of Marine Food-Fishes." Eighth 

 Annual Report oj the Fishery Board for Scotland, for the year 1889. 

 [Spawning of G. luscus. ] 



" On the Comparative Fecundity of Sea-Fishes." Ninth Annual Report oj 



the Fishery Board for Scotland, for the year 1890, p. 243. [Eggs of G. 

 luscus.] 



" Ichthyological Notes — Gadus esmarkii." Nineteenth Annual Report of 



the Fishery Board for Scotland, for the year 1902, Pt. III., p. 282. [Distri- 

 bution of G. esmarkii.] 



* The slender tip of the ventral fin may be broken sometimes. 



