BIRDS OF EASTERN AND SOUTHERN ASIA. 



Squatarola helvetica [Sq. cinerea ; ' Grey 

 Plover.') Circuit of northern regions, Japan, 

 Java, N. Guinea, Australia : tolerably common 

 in Iiulia. 



Vanellus cristatus. ('Lapwing.') Europe, N. 

 and middle Asia, N. Africa : common iti N. 

 India, SinHh, &e., but not seen in Lower Bengal. 



Strepsilvs interpres. (' Turnstone-') Inhabits 

 all sea-coasts, from the, equator to the polts : 

 common along those of India. 



Hoematopus ostralegus. (' Oyster-catcher.') 

 Circuit of northern regions, to the eqtiator, if 

 not fun her soutli : not rare along the shores 

 of the Bay of Bengal, &C. 



Grm cinerea. (' Common Crane.') Europe, 

 A'ia, N- Africii : ujigratoiy ; now rare in Bri- 

 tain : common in India during the cold season. 



Ardea cinerea. (' Common Herou.') Europe, 

 Asia, N. anri S. Africa : common in India. 



Ardea purpurea. (' Common Heron.') Eu- 

 rope, Asia, Africa : common in India. 



Herodias alba : Ardea alba ; (' Great White 

 HeroTi,') Europe, Asia, N. Africa : very rare 

 in Britain : very common in India, though the. 

 race is considered different by some. 



Herodias gnrzetta. Ardea garzetla ; ' Little 

 Egret ') Europe, Asia, N. Africa : exceedingly 

 rare in Britain : very common in India. 



Herodias huhulcus- {Ardea russuta ; ' Buff- 

 backed Heron.') Europe, Asia, N. Africa, 

 exceedingly rare in Britain : very common in 

 India. 



Ardetta minuta. {Botaurus minntHs ; 'Little 

 Bittern.') Europe, all Africa, W. Asia, Hima- 

 laya, Kashmir ; replaced in Lower Bengal by 

 A. sinensis, and more abundantly by A. cin- 

 namnmea, which is common throughout India. 



Botaurus stellaris. (' Common Bittern.') 

 Europe, Asia, all Africa: common in India. 



Nycticorax Gardeni. (' Night Heron.') Eu- 

 rope, Asia ; Africa, N. America ? (Species at 

 least barely separable) : very common in India. 



Ciconia alba. (' White Stork.') Europe, Asia, 

 N. Africa, migratory : common in India during 

 the cold season in immense flocks in Lower 

 Bengal. 



Ciconia nigra. (' Black Stork.') Europe, 

 Asia, N. Africa: not uncommon in India. 



Platalea leucorodia. (' White Spoon-bill ') 

 Europe, Asia, all Africa : common in India. 



Falcinellws igneus. (' Ibis falcinellus ; ' Glos- 

 sy Ibis'.) Europe, Asia, Africa, N. and S. 

 America, Australia: very common in India, 



Numenius arquata. (' Common Curlew.') 

 Europe, N. Africa, Asia (to Japan), Malasia: 

 very common in India. 



Numenius fhaopus. (' Whimbrel,') Europe, 

 Asia, N. Africa : common in India, along sea- 

 coast and estuaries. 



Tetanus fuscits. (' Spotted! Eed-sbank.') 

 Europe, Asia ; common la India. 



Totanus calidris. ('Common Eed-shauk.') 

 Europe, Asia : very common in India. 



Actilis ochropus. {Totonus or.JimpHS ' Green 

 Sandpiper.') Euiope, Asia, N. Africa ; very 

 common in India. 



Actitis glareola. {Totaniis glareola ; ' Wood 

 Sandpiper.') Eumpe, Asia, Africa ; from Lr.p- 

 iand to the Cape of G. Hope : Java, &c. : ex- 

 ceedingly common in India. 



Actitis hypolnicos- {Tulanus hypoleuccs ; 

 ' Common Sandpiper.') Europe, Asia : exceed- 

 ingly common in India. 



Tetanus glottis. (' Green-shank.') Europe, 

 Asia, Africa, Australia; stragglers obtained in 

 N. America : very etimmon in India. 



Recurvirostra avocetta. (' Avocet.') Europe, 

 Asia, all Africa : not rare in India. 



Himantoims candidus. {H. melanopterus • 

 ' Bhuk-winged btilt.') - Europe, Asia, all Afri- 

 ca : common in India. 



Liw.osa cegecephala. {L. melanura ; ' Black- 

 tailed Godwit.') Europe, Asia, N. Africa, Aus- 

 tralia : very common in India. 



Limosa rufa. (' Bar-tailed Godwit.') Europe, 

 N- Africa, W.Asia: Nejial (Hodgson, Grey), 

 Java and Timor (Temminck). 



Philomachus pugnax. ( Machetes pugnax ; 

 'Rnff. ') Europe, Asia, N. Africa: common 

 in India. 



Scolopax rmlicola. (' Woodcock.') Europe, 

 Asia, N. Africa : very common in Himalaya, 

 not rare in the Nilgiri?, more so in the high-lands 

 of Ceylon ; a specimen occasionally shot in 

 Lower Bengal. 



Gallinago scolopacinus. (Scolopax gallinago ; 

 ' Common Snipe.') Europe, Asia, N. Africa; 

 very common in India. 



Gallijiago gallinula ; Scolopax gallinula ; 

 'Jack Snipe,') Europe, Asia, Barbary : com- 

 mon in India. 



Triticja Subarquata. (' Curlew Sandpiper.') 

 Circuit of northern regions, to beyond the 

 equator ; Australia ; very common in India. 



Tringa canutus, (' Knot.') Circuit of north- 

 ern regions : rare in India. 



Tringa platyrhyncha. (' Broad-billed Sand- 

 piper ') Europe, Asia ; Sumatra, Borneo, 

 Timor (Temminck) : not uncommon in India: 

 rare in the U.S. of America. 



Tringa minuta. (' Little Stint.') Europe,- 

 Asia : very common in India. 



Tringa Temminckii. (' Temminck's Stint.') 

 Europe, Asia, N. Africa : common in India. 



Tringa Alpina. {Tringa variabilis ; ' Dun- 

 lin.') Arctic regions ; circuit of northern re- 

 gions ; Japan ; Timor (Temminck) ; Guina : 

 not rare in India. 



Phalaropvs fidicarius. (' Grey Phalarope.') 

 Circuit of northern regions : one specimen ob- 

 tained uear Calcutta. 



15 



