13IRDS OF EASTERN AND SOUTHERN ASIA. 



men, assignccl to St. utiicolor, appertains to 

 the present species, being an old male with the 

 pale specks obsolete: the true St. unicolor of 

 Sardinia, Barbary, &c.» is very distiact and 

 much less bright in its glosses. 



Pastor roseus. (' Rose-coloured Pastor.') Eu- 

 rope, Asia, and Africa : common in India ; rare 

 in Britain. 



Fr-egilus graciihis. (' Chough.') High moun- 

 tains and sea-clilfs of Europe, Asia, and Africa ; 

 common in high Central Asia, the Himalayas, 

 Afglianistan, &c. ; as is also the P^rrliocorax 

 alpinus of the Swiss Alps and Pyrenees, 



Corvus corax. (' Baven.') Circuit of northern 

 regions ; rare in N. Africa, Punjab, Kashmir, 

 Alghanistan ; the Tibetan species considered 

 distinct, but probably on insufiicient evidence. 



Corvus coro/ie, ( Carrion Crow.') Europe, 

 Afghanistan, (Pushut), Japan apud. Tem- 

 minclc.) — Replaced in India by C. Culminatus. 



Corvus comix. (' Hooded Crow.') Europe, 

 Asia Minor, Afghanistan, Japan (Temminck), 

 Barbnry. 



Corvus frugiUgus. (' Rook.') Europe, N. 

 and VV. Asia, Afghanistan, Peshawur valley, 

 Kashmir : replaced in China and Japan bv C. 

 Past ina tor. 



Corvus monedula. ('Jackdaw.') Europe, Si- 

 beria, Barbary, W. Asia, Peshawur valley, 

 Kashmir. 



Pica candata. (■ Magpie.') Europe, W. Asia, 

 Siberia, E. N. America, China ? Japan ? Re- 

 placed in Afghanistan and W. Tibet by P. hac- 

 triana, in E. Tibet by P. bottanensis, in (Juiua 

 and Japan (?) by P. media and Barbary by P. 

 raauritanica. 



Yunx torquilla. (' Wryneck ') Europe, Asia, 

 N. Africa, China, Japan, Kamschatka ; com- 

 mon in India, as in Britain : migratory, 



Upupa epops. (' Hoopoe ') Europe, A'ia, 

 Africa ; a common wiuter-visitant in Lower 

 Bengal) but generally replaced by a nearly affin- 

 ed race in Upper Hindustan and S. India. 



Sitta syriaca, or ' Rock Nuthatch' of S. E. 

 Europe, and Asia Minor, or a species of simi- 

 lar habits (most probably the same), inhabits 

 Afghanistan : 



Trichodromus muraria or Wall Creeper of S. 

 Europe, is very common in the iluualaya, Af- 

 ghanistan, &c. 



Cuculus canorus. (' Common Cuckoo.') 

 Europe, Asia. Africa, Malay countries : com- 

 mon in the Himalaya, visiting the plains du- 

 ring the cold season. 



Coracias garrula. (' Roller.') Europe, Africa. 

 W. Asia, Aft;haiiistan, Kashmir, Sindii, Pun- 

 jab ? mittratory in Europe ; and rare in Britain. 



Merops apiaster. ('Bee-eater') Europe, 

 Africa, W. Asia, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Sindii 

 Punjal) ? migratory in Europe, and rare in 

 Britain, 



Hirundo rustica. (' Swallow.') Europe, Am'h, 

 Africa ; migratory ; common in the plains of 

 India during the cold season. 



Hirundo urbica (' Martin.') Europe, Africa, 

 Asia, (Siberia ;) somewhat rare (or local?) in 

 India : migratory. 



Hirundo riparia. (' Sand Martin.') Europe, 

 Asia, Africa, N. America ; migratory : in In- 

 dia local, and mostly replaced by H- sinensis. 



Hirundo rupestris of S Europe is common 

 in the high mountains of India ; and there is 

 a diminutive of it also in the H. concolor of 

 Sykes. 



Cypselus Apus. (' Common Swift.') Europe, 

 N. Africa, VV- Asia, Afghanistan ; migratory. 



Cypselus melba. (0. alpinus; 'Alpine Swift.') 

 High mountains (chief!}) of Europe, .\sia, and 

 Africa ; tolerably common in the Himalaya, 

 Central India, Nilgiris, and Ceylon : rare in 

 Britain. 



Acanthylis caudacufa, or lars^e Spiny-t»iled 

 Swift of the Himalaya, has once been shot in 

 England, accordint; to Mr. Gould. 



Caprimulgus Europaus. ('Night-jar.') Eu- 

 rope, N. Alrica, W. Asia ; Siberia and Kam- 

 schatka (Pennant .•) migratory. Several species 

 inhabit India. 



Goluniba livia. (' Rock Dove.') Europe, N. 

 Asia to Japan, N. Africa ; abundantly replaced 

 in India by the barely senarable C. intermedia. 



S'tarna cinerea. (^Perdix cinerea ; ' Common 

 Partridge.') Europe, S. Siberia, Asia Minor : 

 Mesopotamia ? Persia ? Egypt ? a near conge- 

 ner lately discovered in 'libet. 



Coturnix vidgaris. ('Common Quail.') Eu- 

 rope, Asia, Africa .• chiefly migratory. Abund- 

 ant iu India, though M. Gould considers the 

 race of this country to be distinct. 



Tetrax campestris. {Otis tetrax ; ' little Bus- 

 t.ird.') Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Meso- 

 potamia, extreme N. W. of India (Peshawar 

 valley. 



Houbara Macqjieenii, ( Otis Macqueenii ; 

 ' Maqueen's Bustard.') N. AV. of India, Afghan- 

 isian, &c. Very rare in Europe. 



(Edicnemus crepitans. (' Great Plover.') 

 Europe, Asia, Africa : common in India. 



Charadrius Maticula. (' Ringed Plover,') 

 Europe, N. Asia, Japan, Greenland. 



Ch'iradrius cantiunus. (' Kentish Plover.') 

 Europe, Asia : not uncomnmn in India. 



Charadrius 2i1M>ppimis. (Ck. minor ; ' Little 

 Ringed Plover.') Europe, Asia, N. America : 

 rare in Britain ; exceedingly common in India. 



Chirradius pyrrhotliorax, a very common In- 

 dian species, is known in Europe as a straggler. 



Calidris arenaria. (' Sanderling.') Circuit of 

 nortliern retiions, and S. Africa, N.Guinea : 

 rare in India (so far as oliserved hitherto ; but 

 probably not so aloiig the sea-coast. 



14 



