BIRDS OF EASTEllN- AND SOUTHERN ASIA. 



and another in England. Comreioii in India 

 with several affiued species. 



Parus major. (< Great Tit.') Europe N. 

 Asia, Japan, N. Africa. Replaced in India, 

 Ceylon, and Java, by P. cinereus, and in the 

 Himalaya also by P. monticolus. 



Parus ccerideus. (' Blue Tit-') Europe, 

 I^. Asia, Japiii), China Formosa. 



Parvs ater. (' Cole Tit.') Europe, Siberia, 

 Japan, Foimosa. Replaced in Nepal by P. 

 ceraodius. 



Orites caudatus. {Parus caudatus ' Long- 

 tailed Tit.') Europe, N. Asid, Japan. 



Calohates sulphurea. {Motacilla boarula ; 

 • Grey Wagtail.') Europe, Asia, Africa, Malay 

 countries, Australia ? Migratory within the 

 British islands : common in India. 



Pipastes trivialis. {Antlms arhoreus ; ' Tree 

 Pipit.') Europe, N. Asia, Japan, W. Asia, N. 

 Africa ; Himalaya (but much confounded with 

 the common P. agilis of India) : migratory. 



Aiithus pratensis. ' Meadow Pipit.' Eampe, 

 IM. Asia, Japan, Asia Minor, W. India, (Liould), 

 Nepal (Hodgson, Gray) ; one specimen receiv- 

 ed from Pegti. 



Anthus ohscurus. [A. petrosus ; ' iiock Pi- 

 pit.') Europe, Siberia, Japan. Keplaced in 

 the Himalayan region by A. Cervinus, which 

 is likewise found in Europe. 



C'orydalla Ricliardi. {Antlms Ricardi ; ' Ri- 

 chard's Pipit.' J Europe, Asia, N. Africa ; com- 

 mon in India J very rare in Britain. 



C'onjdalla campestris. A common European 

 bird which even abounds in the soutliern parts 

 of Sweden, but has not hitherto been observed 

 in Britain, is also common in parts of India. 



Galerida cristata. {Alauda cristata ; ' Crest- 

 ed Lark.') Europe, Asia, N. Africa ; rare in 

 Britain ; common in India, where kno.vn as 

 the Chaiidul or Charyidol. 



Calendrella lyrachydactyla. {Alauda hrachy- 

 dactyra ; ' Short-toed Lark.') S. Europe, N. 

 Africa ; rare in Britain ; extiemely common in 

 India, where currently known to Europeans as 

 the ' Ortolan.' 



Certhilauda desertorum of Spain and N. 

 Africa iidiabits Sindh. 



Aviviomaiies Lnsitonia occurs in the deserts 

 of N. W. India, being replaced further south 

 by A. phoenicura. 



Emheriza miliaria. (' Common Bunting.') 

 Europe, W.Asia, Arabia (Schlegel) Barbary. 



Emheriza citrinella. ('Yellow Bunting;.') Eu- 

 rope, to beyond the polar circle : replaced in 

 the W. Himalaya by E. pithyornis, an in- 

 habitant also of Siberia, which occurs rare, 

 ly in W. Europe. 



Emheriza Gia of S. Europe is common in 

 the \V. Himalaya ; and E. Pusilla, which 

 seems to be plentiful in Slkhim, has occasion- 

 ally been observed in Europe, even so far west 



as L'-yden. E. fuscata of N. Asia, Japan, an(3 

 common in the VV, Himalaya, occurs sometimes 

 in considerable numliers in Lower Bengal. E. 

 raelanocepliala of S. Europe is common in 

 parts of India. 



Friru/illa, montifringilla. ('Mountain Finch.') 

 Europe, N. Asia, Japan, Atia Minor, A'gliau- 

 istan, Kashmir, W. Plimalaya; a winter visi. 

 tani in liiitaiu. The European Montifringilla 

 nivalis lias been obtained at Kandahar. 



Passer moutartus. (' Tree Sparrow.') Eu- 

 rope, Asia (commoner to the eastward) Siberia, 

 Tibet, Slkhim, Aiakan, Malayan peninsula, Java, 

 China, Japan. 



Passer domesticus. (' House Sparrow.') Eu- 

 rope, Asia, N. Africa ; the Indian race {P. in', 

 dicus of Jardine and Selby) differing slightly 

 from the European in the paleness of tlie fe- 

 males and youngj tlie muoh more albescent hue 

 of the lowei-paris, and bright rufous colouring 

 on ilie back of the adult male. 



Passer salicarius. (vel hispaninlensis'] of 

 Barbary and tlie southern parts of Europe, 

 Asi:- Minor, Bokhara, and Afghanistan, visits 

 the Peshawur valley and Kohai in large flocks, 

 lieing everywhere more highly gregarious than 

 P. Domesticus. P. Petronia (or Petronia stul- 

 ta), also of S. Europe and N. Africa to Madeira ; 

 is common in Afghanistan. 



Coccothraustes vulgaris. (' Hawfinch.') Eu- 

 rope, Siberia, China, Japan (qu. C. Japonicus, 

 Schlegel ?) 



Chrysoviifris sj)ivvs. (Card.uelis spinus ; 

 ' Siskin.') Eiiiop?, Siberia, Japan : a winter 

 visitant chiefly iu Britain, breeding in the far 

 north. 



Liiiota carMahiiia. (' Common Linnet.') Eu- 

 rope, Siberia, Japan, Asia Minor, Barbary. 



Linota canescetis. (' Mealy Redpole.) Nor- 

 thern regions cliiefly, Greenland, Japan : an 

 irresular winter visitant in Britain. 



Ziinota montium. (' Mountain Linnet.') Eu- 

 rope? N. Asia, Japan : N. or S. Britain ac- 

 cording to season : replaced in Afghanistan by 

 L. Brevirostris- 



Carpodacns erythrinus, which is rare in the 

 N'. E. of Europe, is a common winter visitant 

 over the greater part of India. 



Loxia curvirostra. ('Common Crossbill.') Cir- 

 cuit of northern regions : all Europe ; Afghan- 

 istan : an irregular visitant in Britain : in Ame- 

 rica it has been obtained so far south as in the 

 Bermudas. A much smnller species inhabits 

 the Himalaya, the L. Ilimalayana. 



Loxia bifasciata. (' European White-winged 

 Crossbill.') N. Europe and Asia, Himalaya 

 (.Gould).' rare in Britain. 



Sturnus vulgaris. (' Common Starling.') Eu- 

 rope, Asia, Africa, Azores : common in the Hi- 

 malaya and N. India, Kashmir, Afghanistan, 

 &c., as iu Britain. N. B. — An Afghan speci- 



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