T3IRDS OF EASTERN 



Oreocvicl ii Wldtei, (Tnrdns TVhUei ; 

 'White's Tiirush.') A Siberian species, accord- 

 ing to the Prince of Canino, with 14 tail-fea- 

 thers ! Distinct from the very similar O. dauma 

 of India (from the Hindustani word Dama, 

 equivalent to ' Thrush'), with which it has 

 been supposed identical. 



Tardus pilaris. ('Fieldfare.') Europe, W. 

 Asia ; migratory. One specimen has been lulled 

 at Sabarunpur. In the Himalaya generally, 

 replaced by T. atrogularis, a common bird of 

 N. Asia, which occasionally strays into Europe 

 and has been obtained so far west as in 

 Denmark ; in India it occurs sparingly in 

 Lower Bengal during the cold season. T. fus- 

 catus of Pallas {Naumanni of Temmiuck), 

 another species inhabiting Siberia and Japan, 

 and straying rarely into Europe, has been once 

 obtHined in Nepal. 



Turdus iliacus. (' Redwing') Europe, AY. 

 Asia, Barbary ; has been observed in large 

 flocks in Kohat. Migratory : breeding in the 

 extreme north. 



Turdus merula. {' Blackbird.) Europe, 

 W. Asia, N. Africa, Madeira ; Afghanistan ? 

 Kashmir ? flhina ? Females have been seen 

 from Afghanistan and Chusan, which could not 

 be distinguished from the common European 

 Blackbird ; and it is said to be — common in the 

 mountains surrounding Kashmir, at from 

 10,000 to 13,000 feet elevation. The Prince 

 of Canino has recently distinguished a nearly 

 affined " Merula dactyloptera" from Syria. 



TurdfUS {or Merula) simillima. Of the moun- 

 tainous parts of 6. India and M. Kinnisii of 

 those of Ceylon, though nearly affined, are suffi- 

 ciently well distiriiTuished from the Blackbird 

 of Europe, lii the Himalaya generally, the 

 latter is replaced by M. boulboul (pceciloptera 

 of Vigors), which is not unfrequently brought 

 in cages to Calcutta, where known as the 

 « Kastura.' 



Cifanecula wolfi. (Phceniciira suecica. ; 

 ' niue-throated Warbler.') Europe, W. Asia, 

 .Tapan (Temminck), N. Africa ; rare in Britain : 

 migratory : abundantly replaced in India by C. 

 suecica, and in middle Asia, Afghanistan, &c., 

 by S. csDrulecula {ci/ane of Eversmann) ; the 

 first known by its pure white pectoral spot, 

 ■which spot is always deep ferruginous in the 

 Indian bird, and is wanting in that from 

 middle Asia. 



Huticilla phcenicurus. {Phcenicura ruticilla 

 ' Redstart.') Europe, W. Asia, Siberia (Schlegel) 

 Japan, (Temminck,) N. Africa ; migratory. 

 Keplaced in Sindh and Afghanistan by II. 

 jihoenicuroides, which is probably the phcenicu- 

 rm noted from Nepal- There are numerous Hi- 

 malayan species ; and one, R. rufivenlris, is 

 jjenerally dilfused over India, 



1 



AND SOUTHERN ASIA. 



Pratiricola ruhicola. {Saxicola ruhicola ; 

 ' Stone-chat.') Europe, N. Africa, Japaa 

 (Temminck.) In India replaced by the nearly 

 affined Pr. iudica, and in Sindh also by Pr. 

 leucura, as in S. Africa by Pr. pastor. 



Pratincola ruhetra. {Saxicola ruhetra 

 ' Whinc.luit.') Europe, N. Afiica, Arabia (.Scb- 

 legei) : migratory. Erioueousiy assigned to 

 India. 



Saxicola cenanthe {' Wheatear-') Europe, 

 W. Asia, plains of Upper India, N. Africa, 

 Artie regions, Greenland ! Migratory. 



There are several other Indian Wheatears, 

 all of whicli are different from those of Europe 

 excepting S. leucomela ; but S. stapazina is 

 repliiced in India by S- atrogularis, and S, 

 leucura by 8. leucuroides (opistholeuca, of 

 Strickland) which occurs liktwise iu N. E. 

 Africa. 



Locustella rayi. {Salicaria locustella ; 

 ' Grasshopper Warbler.') Europe, Asia, N. 

 Africa : migratory. Has once been obtained 

 in Central India, ;ind once in Lower Bengal; 

 where an afGn<'d species. L. Kubescens, is not 

 uncommon. Both specimens are in the Cal- 

 cutta museum. 



Acrocepihaliis arundinaccus . (Sulicoria tur- 

 doides ; 'Thrushlike Warbler.') Eur< pe N. 

 Africa, Arabia (Schlegel), Japan (Ti-mminck); 

 rare in Briiaiu: migratory. Keplaced in India 

 by Acr. brunnescens. 



Si/lvia atricapiUa. {Curruca atricapilla ; 

 'Blackcap 'Warbler.') Europe, W, Asia, 

 Arabia, [Schlegel^, Japan (Temminck), all 

 Afrii'a. One killed in .lava (Temminck.) 



Sylvia cinerea. {Gurrvca rinerea : ' Common 

 White-throat.') Europe, Asia Minor, Arabia 

 (Schlegel), N- Africa : migratoiy. 



Sylvia currvca. {Curruca sylviella : ' Lesser 

 White-throat.') Europe, Asia, Africa : migra- 

 torv. Common in India ; and a nenrly affined 

 but larger species in f). India.S. atiiuis {Curruca 

 cinerea apud Jerdon.) 



Sylvia orphea [Curruca orphea ; ' Orpheus 

 Wurbler.') Europe, N. Africa, Arabia, (Schle- 

 gel) rare in Britain : rainratory. The Indian 

 race seems to differ only in havina; a some- 

 what lonsrer bill -. inhabiting both Upper Hindu- 

 stan and S. India. 



PhyUo.'^copus trocJilhis. {Sylvia, frochilvs ; 

 ' Wdlow Warbler.') Europe, Asia Minor, N. 

 Africa ; W. India (apud (iould, but needs 

 conhrniai.ion) : migratory. Has been known 

 to stray to N. America. 



liegulus cristatus. (' Golden-crested Regu- 

 lus.') Europe, N. Asia, Japan, W Asia, 

 Barbary : partially mii;ratoiy. Replaced iu the 

 \V. Himalaya by R. himalayensis. 



Reguloides pi'oregulus. (Pequlus inodestus ; 

 ' Dalmatian Kegulus.') .\sia ; very rare in 

 Europe : one specimen obtained in Dalmatia 



