22 



CANARY BIRDS. 



of the separate melodies, I shall enumerate them as 

 follows • — 



Trill, "coarse" roll, "rattling" roll, "cracking" roll, 

 "water "roll, " lisping " roll, " whizzing " roll, sharp "cack- 

 ling" roll, "fine" cackling roll, or " hollow cackle," also 

 called "fine cackle," "bass" roll, "hollow" roll (the straight, 

 downward-bent and upward-bent "hollow" roll); the "bell" 

 roll, the "gurgling" roll, " glucking " roll; whistles — 

 "hollow" whistle, "bell" notes, or "nightingale" notes, 

 " glucking " notes, or "gluckers," " water " flute, "water" 

 gluckers, " cackling " gluckers, " gurglers," glucking- 

 gurglers. 1 



I have begun by enumerating the inferior turns first, and 

 have then gradually mentioned the finer ones. The most 

 splendid sound is produced by deep, long, downward-bent 

 "gurgles;" such a masterly melody sounds like " woo, w t oo, 

 woo," or like " boo, boo, boo," etc., and is much more 

 beautiful than the " nightingale-gurgle." This again has 

 different degrees and shades, sometimes more soft and fine 

 and sounding less full, but otherwise equally beautiful; 

 when the double " gurgle " is given, the hearer seems to be 

 listening to two different sounds at the same time, and 

 these dissolve one into the other ; it then produces a magni- 

 ficent impression, but is not as delicate and lovely as the 

 splendid single " gurgle." According to my judgment, a 

 faultless "gurgling-bird" with a deep, fine gurgle (or, better 

 still, with two different gurgles), is the best songster among 

 the " Hartz "-birds ; others, however, give the preference to a 

 fine hollow roller. Most of the breeds wdiich dealers bring- 

 to us from the Hartz, have usually one or more defects, like 

 "tse, tse," or "tep-tep," or " tsit, tsit," "jap, jap," etc. 2 



1 The above technical, or rather local, terms, have been literally 

 rendered, there being no precise equivalent for them. 



2 Hence it comes that very inferior birds are called "jappers" 

 for short. 



