of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 



xli 



Appendix D, No. II., gives some idea of the development of the 

 industry since 1811. 



The total number of barrels of herrings exported was 1,094,845, a 

 decline of 316,092 from the return for 1913 (App. E, No. II., p. 134). 



This substantial decline is, of course, attributable to the enforced 

 stoppage of curing operations, one of the two important channels 

 for distribution — Germany — being absolutely closed, and the other 

 — Russia — being only partially open. The routes still open to 

 Russia, after the closing of the Baltic ports, were (1) the sea passage 

 to Archangel up to the date when this was blocked by ice, and from 

 Archangel by a single narrow gauge railway to Vologda ; (2) the sea 

 route to Trondhjem and thence by railway over Norway and Sweden to 

 Tornea on the Russian border, where 20 miles of road have to be 

 traversed before goods can be placed on a Russian railway, and (3) the 

 sea passage to Bergen and thence by rail to Gefle, and the railway ferry 

 to Finland. The expenses in respect of freight, railway charges, &c., 

 on the two latter routes are vei'y heavy and militate largely against 

 any prospect of developing trade by them, while as regards Archangel, 

 the services of an ice-breaker from Canada had to be requisitioned in 

 order to keep the route open as long as possible. Then, unfortunately, 

 a fair proportion of the heirings which reached Archangel did not get 

 any further owing to the congestion on the railway, and in all pro- 

 bability they will not arrive at their destination for some months yet. 



The quantity exported to Germany naturally shows a considerable 

 shrinkage, the figures for 1913 and 1914 being 673,000 and 353,000 

 respectively, and even that sent to Russia exhibits a pretty large fall, 

 from 620,000 to 493,000 barrels. The export to America, on the other 

 hand, increased by about 10 per cent, to 115,347 barrels. 



The following table shows the export to Russia and Germany 

 direct during the last ten years, viz. : — 



Year. 



Germany. 



Russia. 



1905 



. 1,057,315 



430,554 



1906 



. 1,025,886 



424,200 



1907 



. 1,186,100 



627,100 



1908 



. 1,001,645 



616,497 



1909 



786,682 



574,307 



1910 



982,361 



732,345 



1911 



794,219 



655,814 



1912 



719,013 



750,187 



1913 



. 672,701 



619,680 



1914 



353,323 



493,039 



The principal feature in the Appendix (E, No. III.) was the re- 

 appearance after some years' absence of Archangel, the exports to 

 that port being 85,399 barrels. It is also interesting to note the 

 marked increase in the export to Norway and Sweden, the figures for 

 1914 and 1913 being 102,500 and 1400 barrels respectively. 



II. Cod, Ling, Haddocks, &c. 



The number of kinds of fish other than herrings now cured or 

 preserved is very large, embracing practically all the various species of 

 round fish. The particulars will be found in Appendix D, No. I. (p. 128). 

 6* 



