210 British Antarctic Expedition. 
to solve the question whether the black-throated 
penguin is of the same species as the white-throated 
one or not, later in the season, when the young 
ones were nearly full-grown. The full-grown young 
ones had more or less white throats, and no 
doubt at my first visit to Camp Ridley in 1894, 
when I found the penguin colony consisted almost 
entirely of white-throated birds, they were evidently 
well-advanced young ones. The absence of the 
black-throated penguin at that time is easily 
explained by the fact that the old ones, uncharitable 
as it may seem, leave their young ones and 
go to sea towards the time their offspring should 
be able to look after themselves. Hence I believe 
that it had been a somewhat more favourable 
season for the penguin colony at the time of 
my first. visit to Cape Adare, as the date of that 
visit was much earlier in the season than when the 
old penguins left their young ones m 1000 l 
noticed that the young birds generally found their 
mothers whenever they wanted food, and soon 
began. to pay visits to their . neighbours - and 
mix amongst them; but a mutual understanding 
seemed to have been arrived at by the old penguins 
not to quarrel as much as at the time of love-making. 
They seemed to realise the necessity of falling into 
each other's peculiarities as much as possible. 
When the old penguins left, the young ones, 
being able, like the rest of their kind, to live for a 
long while without food, remained on shore until 
starvation forced them to work for their own living, 
then they too went to sea and left their birthplaces 
until the next short summer. 
