Among the Penguins. 233 
for the existence of certain life in the other, and 
vice Versá. Organisms, again, which can be trans- 
ferred from one hemisphere to the other, as well of 
animals as of plants, adopt quite another appearance 
and character by the transfer. It seems, however, 
that within the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle 
there prevail not only for certain organisms the very 
GEOLOGICAL FORMATION OF DUKE OF YORK ISLAND. 
identical conditions favourable for the development 
of their elements, but the identical elements are also 
present, as, for instance, the presence of the lichen 
(reindeer moss) proves. It exists in both hemispheres, 
and its discovery within the Antarctic Regions by 
mcus for the first time, proved the existence of 
bi-polarity also in the flora. It seems to me that 
the existence, or non-existence, of certain organisms 
must needs, in many cases, depend upon the presence 
