Lue 2.27 
304 Appendix. 
At these temperatures the mercury froze in the ordinary 
thermometers, and spirit ones had to be used. The above tempera- 
tures are means derived from three thermometers. At these low 
temperatures there was a slight diversity in the indications of the 
respective thermometers, even after applying the corrections as given 
upon the Kew certificates. The maximum temperature observed 
at Cape Adare was 48:9? F., which occurred during a very heavy 
storm from the E.S.E. on January 23rd, r9oo. This is quite 
exceptional. The-mean monthly temperature is above freezing-point 
during one month of the year, viz, January. The temperature 
commenced to fall rapidly during the second week of May, and rise 
again even more rapidly in the second week of October. 
The relatively high mean temperature for July is due to the 
number of gales from the E.S.E. and S.E. during that month, the 
temperature invariably rising with these winds. The extreme range 
of temperature was 92? F., and the mean temperature for the year 
7°05° F. (—13:9? C.), which, compared to the mean annual tem- 
perature for the same northern latitude, is extremely low. The 
mean temperature for Lapland, which is in the same latitude north as 
Cape Adare is south, is about 32? F., and the mean temperature for the 
north of Spitzbergen, which extends as far north as 82°, is about ro? F. 
Regarding June, July, and August as the winter months, and 
December, January, and February as summer, we may take it that 
the mean winter temperature is — 11:3? F., and the mean summer 
temperature 30°4° Е. The sun remained constantly above the 
horizon from November 16th to January 26th, and below the 
horizon from May 15th to July 29th. It was not, however, 
absolutely dark all this time; for when the sky was not overcast 
the twilight produced a couple of hours daylight in the middle of 
the day, even at the winter solstice. The Antarctic winter is longer 
than the Arctic. In his annual round the sun tarries a week 
(7% days) longer on the north than he does on the south side of the 
equator, and consequently, in the former case, the winter night is 
longer than in the latter. This is due to the earth being, during the 
Antarctic winter, at its greatest distance from the sun (aphalion), 
when it moves more slowly in its orbit. 
November was the finest month. During that month storms 
were a minimum, and the amount of bright sunshine a maximum. 
The temperature of the sea during the greater part of the year, 
that is, while the surface of the sea was frozen over, remained 
constant at 27:8? F. In the summer months, December, January, 
and February, it rarely rose above 32? F, 
