356 



Part III. — Eighteenth Annual Report 



Species Examined. 



Genus. 



(?) 



f9\ 



Hippoglossina. 



P. maculosus 

 P. russet/ ii 



H. aramaca . 



C. sordidus . 



T. sinensis 

 P. erumei 

 C. linguatula 



Distribution. 



(?) Xystreurys. 



Paralichthys, Girard. 



Pseudorhombus, Gtr. 



(?) Ramuluria, Jordan and 



Evermann. 

 (?) Ancylopsetta, Gill. 



(?) Notosema, Goode and 

 Bean. 



(?) Gastropsetta, Bean. 

 (?) Trichopsetta, Gill. 

 Hemirhombus, Bl. 



(?) Cyclopsetta, Gill. 

 (?) Azevia, Jordan. 



Citharichthys, Bleeker. 



' Tephritis, Gtr. 

 Psettodes, Gtr. 

 Citharus, Bl. 

 (?) Anticithartis, Gtr. 



Pacific — California to Mexico. 



California. 



South California. 



Both coasts cf America to east 

 and south coasts of Asia. 



Sub-temperate zones of both 

 northern and southern hemi- 

 spheres. 



California. 



South Atlantic coasts of North 

 America. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Do. 



Tropical Atlantic coasts of 

 America and Africa, also Pacific. 

 Colombia and Gulf of Mexico. 

 Pacific coast of Central America. 

 Tropical and sub-tropical coasts 



of America. 

 China Seas. 

 Red Sea to China. 

 Mediterranean. 

 Australasia. 



It has to be admitted that this family rests for the present upon 

 somewhat hazardous generalisations. As noted above, only seven* 

 species of the various genera have been examined, whereas, according 

 to Glinther's Catalogue of 1862, twenty-one species are included therein, 

 and if the most recent catalogue of the American writers be taken into 

 account this number is almost doubled. It is therefore advisable to 

 point out in detail the extent of the generalisations. In the case of 

 Paralichthys and Pseudorhombus, it is assumed that the species which 

 have not been examined have the same form of olfactory organ as those 

 examined. In the case of the remaining genera it is also assumed that 

 the ventral fins are placed posterior to the base of the clavicles. The 

 first assumption is based on the fact that all the examined forms, Soleinse 

 and others, with a similar distribution, viz. — sub-temperate and tropical 

 — have the same type of olfactory organ, in which the olfactory laminse 

 are arranged about a median rachis. The second assumption is not so 

 well grounded, and unfortunately the descriptions of previous miters 

 are too indefinite to give much aid. All that one can gather from the 

 descriptions of Giinther and the American writers is that what is true 

 for the one species holds good also for the remaining species of the genus. 

 In this case the above characters are true for the sub-family as it stands, 

 but more specimens and species require to be examined in order to 

 settle the matter definitely. Some alterations may require to be made, 

 as, for example, in Hemirhombus (Syacium), whose ventral fins, according 

 to the American writers, are peculiar, bub they may not affect the 

 validity of the sub-family as a whole. 



The distribution of the various genera included within this family is 

 more southerly than that of the previous family, being tropical and sub- 

 temperate in both the northern and southern hemispheres. 



*Through the kindness of Prof. D'Arcy W. Thompson, three more species of this 

 sub-family, viz.: — Paralichthys arsius, Paralichthys dentatus, and Citarichthys spilopterus, 

 have been examined since the above pages were written. These conform to the 

 characters stated, and consequently, enhance the validity of the sub-family. 



