34 



KiXAE LÖNNBEEG, 



spect it highly resembles the likewise twisted organ of Sus 1 ).. It is 

 thus interesting to find that Tragulus also in this respect in its mor- 

 phological structure forms a connecting link between Suina and the 

 typical Ruminants. But at the same time it is made more than pro- 

 bable that this twisted shape of the penis is the original one among 

 all Artiodactyla. In such a case the »ovine» type (shared by Giruffa, 

 many antelopes etc.) although it looks more complicated and specia- 

 lised is proved to be less modified and more primitive than the types 

 exhibited by different Cervicornia, Bos etc. in which the twisting has 

 more or less completely disappeared and the urethral prolongation 

 luis been reduced. The »filiform appendage» resp. urethral prolonga- 

 tion of the Ruminants is consequently homologous with the screw- 

 shaped part of the penis-end of Sus. 



7) A foetus of Oephalophus melanorhoeus ç of about the same 

 size as the foregoing, but with somewhat longer legs and with better 

 developed pellage and most probably quite fully developed. 



The anteorbital gland shows about 22 transverse series of pores. 

 There are 11 fully developed palatal ridges on either side. 



The papillary covering of the tongue is as in the foregoing- 

 specimen with the exception that the papillœ circumvallatœ are are even 

 less numerous. To the left there are five in the outer, but only three 

 in the inner series, but on the right side both rows only contain three 

 papilla circumvallatœ. 11 — 12 palatal elevations are well developed 



') The same organ of Hippopotamus has essentially a similar structure. A prepa- 

 rate of such a one which Professor Wirén has kindly put to my disposition had the follow- 

 ing appearance. The free end of the penis consists of two different portions. The proximal 

 one, measuring about 26 V2 cm. in length, is much the thicker with a vertical diameter of 

 6 V2 and a transversal of about G cm. This basal half passes rather abruptly into the distal 

 half, measuring 26 cm. in length. This one tapers gradually towards the blunt tip which 

 has a diameter of about 1 cm. The proximal end of this distal half is exactly half as thick 

 as the proximal half in either direction. The distal half corresponds to the »screw» of Sus 

 and the urethral prolongation of certain Ruminants, but at the first look it does not seem 

 to be twisted. A closer investigation reveals, however, that it is so, which may be seen 

 from the fact, that a thin fold which originates at the limit between both portions on the 

 upper side in the median line, gradually turns over to the right side, and although abruptly 

 decreasing in size (for the last 12 — 14 cm. being only a slight longitudinal elevation) termi- 

 nates on the lower side of the extreme tip. This indicates that the distal end of the penis 

 is twisted half a turn. The height of the fold mentioned varies, where it is well developed, 

 from 5 to 7 mm. In spite of the great size and clumsiness as well as certain peculiarities 

 of this organ it is easy to homologise the different parts with the corresponding ones of Sus 

 and Ruminants. 



