s 



Einar Lönnberg, 



then bends back upon itself and forms one complete centrifugal coil 

 and a half turn backwards in close connection with the terminal por- 

 tion of the ileum. It turns then peripherically and continues rather 

 narrowly, as is already stated, connected with the jéjunum and is in 

 consequence hereof laid in quite a number of undulations. It forms, 

 however, no extra loop since it has left the central spiral roils but 

 follows the jejunum. W hen it leaves the common mesentery at duode- 

 num it forms a double loop, ansa distaiis !> cm. in length, which is clo- 

 sely fixed to the ansa proximalis by a very short mesentery, and passes 

 then into the straight rectum. 



[f the coils of the central spiral are counted from behind their 

 number will be 2 centripetal and 1 x h centrifugal. 



When the colon leaves the central spiral and is turning peri- 

 pherically it forms in some ruminants a long loop returning upon it- 

 self before it makes the last peripherica! tour in the common mesen- 

 tery of the small intestine. This loop which is especially well developed 

 in the Muskox 1 ) is entirely missing in this animal. 



The dimensions of the large intestine are as follows: from the 

 ileocecal opening to the end of the central spiral 160 em., from this 

 point to the end of ansa 1<rnihi<<Hs about lit» em., rectum 46 em., thus 

 the entire length about 322 cm. These measurements, as well as 

 those recorded above concerning the small intestine are made in a 

 fresh state by means of thread laid along the intestine while still fully 

 adhered to the mesentery. A comparison between the length of the 

 small and the large intestine shows that the former is 2,7 times the 

 latter, which is exactly the same figure as is recorded by Murie 2 ) for 

 this animal and nearly the same as in the Saiga. In Ovis and Gapra 

 the small intestine is fully 3 times as long as the large one although 

 the latter forms 3 centripetal ami 3 centrifugal coils in the spiral. 

 For comparison with the corresponding measurements of other Rumi- 

 nants may be referred to papers by Garrod 3 ), Murie 4 ) and the pre- 

 sent author 5 ). 



J ) Conf. Lönnberg: On the Soft Anatomy of the Muskox. Proc Zool. Soc. London 

 1900 p. 152, 153. 



2 ) Murie: Proc. Zool. Soc London 1870. 



3 ) Garrod : Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1877. 



4 ) Murie: Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1869 and 1870. 



5 ) Lönnrerg: Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1900; K. Vet. Akad Handl. Bd. 35. Stock- 

 holm 11)01. 



