212 



OKUMURA ; CONTRIBUTIONS TO 



a red yeast develops in the fermenting vioto. In the preparation 

 of the moto viash''^^ O.57 koku (0.0055 koku — I Htre) of whitened 

 rice are used to start with. The rice must be first well washed 

 with water in order to carry away tlie fine meal which still 

 adheres to the grains, whereupon steeping in water for about 10 

 hours and steaming takes place. After being allowed to cool 

 by being spread upon mattings of rice strmv, the mixture oi koji 

 and water is carefully prepared in the following proportions 



at ToyoJiashi : 



Whitened rice 0.57 koku. 



Whitened rice for koji. 0.23 ,, 



Water 0.80 



The cooled rice is divided into eight parts, placed in shallow 

 tubs ijiangiri) containing also the /'^V and water. After being well 

 mixed and standing for two days the workmen commence to stir 

 again with shovels called kabiiragai or yavia-orosJiigai. By the 

 repeated stirring the saccharification is considerably promoted. 

 Occasional stirring continues for the following six days. The 

 contents of the eight vessels are then poured into one vessel 

 called iiioto-okc and left there for about two days. Now the 

 temperature is gradually raised by closed wooden vessels con- 

 taining hot water and the stirring is carried out 4 or 5 times a 

 .day^"' We observed in ToyoJinsJii the following data : — 



Before warming 



5-9"C. 



1st day of warming 



5-13° 



2nd ,, 



14-18° 



3i-d ,, 



19-24° 



4th ,, 



20-25° 



5th ,, 



28-32° 



6th ,, 



33-36° 



7th „ 



34-36^ 



The heater is renewed t\v ice a day. But some regard is paid 

 to exceptionally cold or warm weather. 



Lactic and acetic fermentation is sometimes observed in the 

 mash. We visited one factory whose manager complained of great 

 injury caused by alcoholic fermentation not setting in witli pro- 



(1) Experience has taught the manufacturers that it is advantageous to have this 

 work carried on upon the first floor, perhaps because this cnn be kept cleaner tlian the 

 basement story. 



(2) The heater occupies ^ of the volume of the moto-vcssel. 



