ON THE SCALE INSECT OF MULBERRY TREES. tOg 



Female. — The body is flattened nearly oval, light yellow in 

 color, and covered sparsely with either club-shaped or simple 

 hairs. It is composed of nine segments and on the lateral 

 margins of the segments from the 3rd to the gth, there are beset 

 a number of long simple or 2-3 divided spines ending with an 

 extremely fine slender filament. The dorsal surface of the body 

 is marked by several depressions or wrinkles, and its anterior 

 portion is broader and rounded, while the posterior is abruptly 

 narrowed towards the free end. There is generally no demar- 

 kation between the head, thorax and abdomen, and the entire sur- 

 face of the body is marked with very fine wavy striations lying 

 very closely to each other. The lateral sides of the body are 

 marked symmetrically with blunt processes of unequal size, which 

 however indicate the segments of the body. The segment-lines 

 of the body are rather hard to perceive, but on the posterior 

 portion they become conspicuous. Besides these processes, the 

 segments of the body are to be recognized by rows of oval figures, 

 which lie along the boundary line of a few posterior segments. 

 Judging from the boundary lines marked with figures, as well as 

 the lateral processes, we may say that there are nine segments, 

 which compose the body (Figs. 2, and 3, PI. I). 



Pygidium. — This is composed of the two last segments (8th 

 and gth), and is much more chitinous and hard than the remain- 

 ing segments (Figs. 4, and 5, PI. I.). The dorsal surface of the 

 pygidium is deep orange yellow, and of an almost triangular 

 form. Its surface is uniformly marked out with longitudinal 

 parallel fine striations, and a little above the middle portion 

 of this plate lies a single round opening (anus), while all over 

 the surface are several elongated marks. On either side of the 

 dorsal side of the pygidium, that is, on the boundary line between 

 the 7th and 8th, and the 8th and gth segments, there lies a row 

 at oval figures mentioned above, which are more or less irregu- 

 larly arranged one after another. These rows of oval figures are 

 not limited to this region, but two imperfect rows of them may 

 also be found on each of the boundary lines (dorsal) of the 5th 

 and 6th, and the 6th and 7th segments. These oval figures 

 secrete delicate transparent band-like materials which are used 

 as the constituents of the scales (Fig. 4, PI. I.). When highly 

 magnified, these lines are more or less conspicuous by a darker 



