Il6 ON THE SCALE INSECT OF MULBERRY TREES. 



a long slender rostrum, with which the pupa imbibes the sap. 

 If we now closely examine the body, there may be found a 

 number of small openings on the dorsal and ventral sides of each 

 segment from the 2nd to the gth (Fig. 16, b. PI. II.). From 

 these openings, are secreted very fine white filaments, which ac- 

 cumulate on both dorsal and ventral sides of the pupa in the 

 form of a sac, opening at the free edge, just behind the moulted 

 larval skin. This is the beginning of a cocoon, later it grows 

 longer posteriorly till it becomes a perfect cocoon. 



The perfectly formed cocoons (Fig. 17. PI. II.) are snowy 

 white, long and oval in form measuring 1,4 — 1,6 mm. in length 

 and 0,4 — 0,5 mm. in breadth. The surface of the cocoons is 

 usually marked with a few longitudinal ridges. They are at- 

 tached to the bark of mulberry trees by their smaller end, which 

 carries always dorsally a moulted larval skin colored greyish 

 yellow, while the broader end is more or less elevated, and re- 

 mains open free. 



Some days after the pupa has been imprisoned within the 

 cocoon, the latter bears partly an orange color, and the pupa 

 contained within, growing now 0,67 mm. in length, is of a some- 

 what dark orange color. At this period of development, the body 

 of the pupa is more or less depressed, and colored orange red 

 (Fig. 18. PI. II.). The three regions of the body are more or 

 less distinct, the segments of the thorax and abdomen come 

 into view, and the eyes are developed into a globular form of a 

 dark brownish red color. The antennae, wings, three pairs of 

 legs, and a caudal appendage grow on the body in a sort of 

 cylindrical sacs. The antennae and wing processes lie closely 

 attached to the lateral sides of the body. Of the three pairs of 

 legs, the first pair is directed forwards, the remaining two pairs 

 toward the posterior end, and a single caudal appendage lies at 

 the end of the abdomen in the form of a blunt process (Figs. 19; 

 20. PI. II.). When the pupa is so far developed, it loses its 

 filamentous rostrum, and no longer takes sap from the bark. 



The male insects are hatched twice a year, viz. in June 

 and October, in most cases. They come out generally through 

 the free open end of the cocoon from their posterior end; 

 but sometimes they get rid of the anterior fixed end of the 

 same. 



