and, according to Dr. Hull, they deposit, but do not mature, in strawberries, gooseberries, 

 grapes, and in the vigorous shoots of the peach tree. 



5. That it is their normal habit to transform under ground, though some few under- 

 go their transformations in the fruit. 



6. That all other fruits but the cherry, when containing larvse, usually fall to the 

 ground. 



7. That the greater portion of them pass the winter in the perfect beetle state, under 

 the old bark of both forest and fruit trees, under shingles, logs, and in rubbish of all 

 kinds, and especially in the underbrush of the woods. 



8. That they are always more numerous in the early part of the season on the out- 

 side of those orchards that are surrounded with timber, and that they frequently shelter 

 in apple trees and other trees before the stone fruit forms. 



9. That a certain portion of them also pass the winter underground, both in the 

 larva and pupa states, at a depth frequently of from two to three feet. 



10. That those which hybernate as beetles leave their winter quarters and commence 

 throughout Central Missouri (Mr. Riley's State) to attack the fruit in the early part of 

 May. 



11. That those which hybernate underground continue to develop, and issue from 

 the earth during the whole month of May. 



12. That both males and females puncture the fruit for food by goughing hemi- 

 spherical holes, but that tbe female alone makes the well-known crescent shaped mark 

 (see Tig. 53 d), as a nidus for her egg. 



13. That the egg is oval, of a pearly white color, large enough to be seen with the 

 naked eye, requires a temperature of at least 70° Fahr. to hatch it, and may be crushed 

 with the finger nail without injuring the fruit. 



14. That the stock of eggs of the female consists of from fifty to one hundred, and 

 that she deposits from five to ten a day, her activity varying with the temperature. 



15. That the last of those curculios which hybernated in the imperfect state under- 

 ground have not finished depositing till the end of June and beginning of July, or about 

 the time that the new brood developed from the first laid eggs of the season are beginning 

 to issue from the ground, and that we thus have them in the month of J une in every 

 conceivable state of existence, from the egg to the perfect insect. 



16. That the period of egg depositing extends over two months. 



17. That all eggs deposited before the first of July generally develop and produce 

 curculios the same season, which issue from the ground during July, August, and Sep- 

 tember, and hybernate in the perfect state. 



18. That most of those eggs which are deposited after the first of July either fail to 

 hatch or the young larvae die soon after hatching, owing, perhaps, to the more ripe and 

 juicy state of the fruit being less congenial to them, and that what few do mature which 

 hatch after this date undergo their transformation more slowly than the rest, and pass the 

 winter in the ground. 



19. That the perfect curculio, while in the ground, is soft and of a uniform red 

 color, and that it remains in this state an indefinite period, dependent on the weather, 

 usually preferring to issue after a warm rain. 



20. That in a stiff clay soil a severe drought will kill many of them while in this 

 last-named condition, and that larvae contained in stone fruits that fall upon naked 

 ploughed ground where ths sun can strike them generally die." 



Bearing in mind that Mr. Riley is writing of his own State of Missouri, which is 

 about a fortnight earlier in its spring than Western Ontario, our readers must alter some- 

 what his dates, so as to make them applicable to their several localities. 



Let us now consider what means we can best adopt for carrying on a successful and* 

 vigorous campaign against the attacks of this destructive insect : 



