30 



from the middle to the latter end of May, when they pair, and in a few days afterwards 

 deposit their eggs on the underside of the leaves. These are generally placed singly, but 

 occasionally we have seen two and even three put quite closely together. Sometimes they 

 are attached by the parent to the larger ribs of the leaf, at other times fastened on the 

 intermediate substance. The egg is nearly round, one-twentieth of an inch in length, and 

 a little less in width, exact measurement, length, .005, width, .6045 inch. It appears 

 smooth with an ordinary magnifying lens, but under a power of forty -five diameters the 

 surface is shown covered with minute punctures. Its color is pale yellowish-green, some- 

 times changing to reddish before hatching. We do not think this change of color always 

 takes place, but have not watched it closely enough to be positive. 



The young caterpillar comes out, of the egg in about five or six days. This conclusion 

 is based on one experiment only. This summer we had a number of eggs laid by a female,, 

 confined in a small box. They were deposited on the 25th of June, some hatched on the 

 30th, and most of the remainder on the 1st of July. They were kept in a cool room,, 

 which would be likely, somewhat, to retard their development \ probably five days would 

 be about the usual time under the ordinary influences of the sun and heat. As soon as- 

 the larva has found its way out, it makes its first meal on part of the empty egg shell, and 

 then begins to satisfy its further cravings with the softer foliage of the vine. When first 

 hatched it is one-fifth of an inch long, of a pale yellowish- green color, with a large head y 

 and a long black horn on its posterior extremity, half as long as its body. As the larva 

 increases in size, the horn becomes shorter and changes color, the markings of the body 

 also vary muck, and by the time it has attained three-fourths of an inch, it has materially 

 altered its appearance. Its head is rather small, pale green with a pale yellow stripe down 

 each side, and with a number of raised yellow dots or granulations scattered over its sur- 

 face. Its jaws are tipped with black. The body is of a slightly deeper shade of green 

 than the head, although, in this respect, different specimens vary, and also covered with 

 similar pale yellow granulations. Along the sides of the body these latter are arranged in 

 lines forming a series of oblique stripes extending backwards. On the back is placed a 

 row of seven reddish dots, more or less distinct ; in some specimens they are quite a 

 deep red, in others very pale j occasionally they are united by a faint reddish line. The 

 horn, which is placed on the twelfth segment or ring of the body, is one-fifth of an inch 

 long, of a pale-reddish color, and thickly covered with minute black points, The under 

 surface of the body is similar in color to the upper, and also granulated with yellow. The 

 feet are red, and the thick fleshy prolegs pale green. 



The full grown caterpillar (Fig. 34) is about two inches in length, of a similar color 



to that just described, with the yellow 

 granulations more distinct. The oblique 

 \ '''j 1 ' lines are generally edged behind with a 



darker green, and there is a distinct line 

 |b_ \ along each side, beginning at the head, 



' WSssi; -•• \ where they are not far apart, diverging. 



S - *^V- s along the middle segments, and again ap- 



, , jX " proaching each other on the twelfth seg- 



, raent, where they terminate on each side 



of the caudal horn. The spots along the 

 back vary in different specimens, from 

 r:r< r : y : " V very pale lilac to red, as in the younger 



1 j A, , worm. This larva, has the power of draw- 



\ {.,.["'■ ing its head or first segment, with the 



lE|i^ A . \. second and third, within the fourth and 



fifth segments, which cause these latter, 

 ' at such times, to appear very much dis- 



tended. The accompanying Fig. gives a 

 Color— green, lilac and yellow. ver y g 00( j idea of this pest, and will per- 



haps be better understood than any merely verbal description. 



This insect has, until of late, been usually regarded as single-brooded, but during the 

 last two years we have watched them very closely, and feel well assured that tbey are 



