2G 



and dried leaves around their cases gives a ready means of detecting the presence of these 

 little rascals, and no better remedy for them than hunting them up, and crushing the case 

 with the hand, has yet been suggested." 



The patient reader must assuredly think by this time that the catalogue of caterpillars 

 infesting the leaves of the apple tree is quite long enough. We shall refrain, then, from 

 wearying him with descriptions of any more, but shall content ourselves with simply 

 enumerating the names of some other Canadian species that feed wholly or in part upon 

 this favorite tree. They are the following : The caterpillars of the Tiger Swallow-tail 

 Butterfly (Papilio iurniis, Linn.) ; the Blind-eyed Sphinx (S. excaecatus, Sin. & Abbot) ; the 

 Apple Sphinx {S. gordius, Cramer) ; the American Lappet Moth (Gasiropacha Americana, 

 Harris) ; and the Rose Tortrix (Lozotoenia rosaceana, Harris). 



AFFECTING THE FRUIT. 



19. The Codling worm (Carpocapsa pomonella, Linn.) — In 1868 the apple crop 

 throughout this province was very materially diminished by the depredations of this 

 little worm; in some parts of the country fully one-half of the fruit was either 

 completely destroyed or rendered unmarketable. Last year and this year, however, 

 we are thankful to say, its ravages have been very considerably diminished. 



The Codling-worm is an European insect that, like so many other importations, has 

 flourished and increased enormously in this Western world. It proceeds from an egg 

 laid by the parent moth, within the eye or blossom end of the apple, in the month of July. 

 As a rule, only one egg is laid on each apple, but a few rare instances are recorded 

 of two. In a few days the egg is hatched, and the worm at once proceeds to burrow into 

 the fruit ; it directs its course towards the core, eating as it goes, and thrusting out 

 its excrement, in the form of a fine powder, through the hole by which it entered. 



When it reaches the heart of the apple it eats a 

 cavity about the core, and destroys some of the 

 seeds ; after a time it eats a tunnel through to 

 the side of the apple, and makes use of it for the 

 discharge of its castings and refuse ; it also avails 

 itself of this aperture to make its escape when 

 full grown. The accompanying illustration (Fig. 

 32, from Riley's Report) shows this insect in 

 all its stages ; a represents a section of an apple 

 which has been attacked by the worm, showing 

 the burrowings and channel of exit to the left ; 

 b, the point at which the egg was laid and at 

 which the young worm entered; e, the full grown 

 caterpillar; A, its head and next segment mag- 

 nified ; i, the cocoon which it spins ; d, the 

 chrysalis into which it changes ; f, the moth which 

 escapes from the chrysalis, as it appears when at 

 rest ; g y the same with its wings expanded. 



The caterpillar, when full grown, is about 

 half an inch long, of a pale reddish or pinkish color, and with the head and succeeding 

 segment marked with brownish, as shown in Fig*. 32, It. On each segment there are a 

 lew fine hairs, scarcely discernible by the naked eye, arising from minute elevated points. 

 It possesses the power, like many other caterpillars, of letting itself down from the tree 

 by means of a fine silken thread which it spins. The chrysalis is of yellowish brown, and is 

 enclosed in a cocoon of white silk, disguised on the outside with fragments of the 

 substance to which it is attached. In order lo make its way partly out of the cocoon, 

 when ready to assume the perfect state, the chrysalis is furnished with a double row of 

 spines or teeth on its back. The moth, which appears in June, is a very pretty little 

 creature, but is seldom seen, on account of its habit of crncealing itself during the day- 

 time and only coming forth at night. Its expanded wings measure about three-quarters 

 of an inch ; its fore wings are marked with alternate streaks of ashen grey and brown-, 

 and x have, on the inner angle of each, a large tawny brown spot, with streaks of bright 

 metallic lustre; the hind wings are pale reddish brown, and of a satiny texture. 



Fig. 32. 



