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be transported from place to place or there can be no commerce in 

 them, yet the laws of many States absolutely forbid their shipment. 

 The laws as to possession and transportation of deer carcasses make 

 the shipping of venison also illegal. General export of venison is 

 legal from only six of the States, and three of these have no wild deer 

 left to protect. 



The laws concerning the season for killing and the sale of deer are 

 often equally embarrassing to those who would produce venison for 

 profit. The owner of domesticated deer can not legally kill his ani- 

 mals except in open season. Owners of private preserves are simi- 

 larly restricted and are limited to the killing of one or two animals 

 in a season. More than half the States and Territories absolutely 

 forbid the sale of venison. A few forbid the sale of venison pro- 

 duced within the State, but permit the sale of that imported from 

 other States, a most unjust discrimination against home industry. 



The following States have recently modified their laws so as to 

 provide, under regulations, for the sale of deer from private pre- 

 serves. Transportation and even export are included in some of them. 



Arkansas. — Possession, sale, and shipment of deer or fawns is per- 

 mitted when they have been raised in captivity for domestic pur- 

 poses and are accompanied by an affidavit from the raiser. 



Colorado. — Ow^ners of private preserves under a license are per- 

 mitted to sell and ship deer or other quadrupeds that are accompa- 

 nied by an invoice. A fee is required for each animal sold. 



Illinois. — Any person who raises deer for market may kill and sell 

 them at any time in the same manner as other domestic animals. 



Indiana. — The provisions of the law as to possession and sale do not 

 apply to persons who have under ownership or control any deer 

 raised in a deer park. 



Massachusetts. — The owner may sell his own tame deer kept on his 

 own grounds. 



Minnesota. — Persons wdio desire to domesticate deer, moose, elk, or 

 caribou may secure a permit to do so from the State board of game 

 and fish commissioners by paying a fee of 50 cents for each animal 

 in captivity and a like fee for each animal added later by natural 

 increase or otherw^ise. The animals kept in captivity may be sold or 

 shipped within or without the State, by permission of the commis- 

 sioners. 



Missouri. — Deer or elk, alive or dead, may be shipped from any pri- 

 vate preserve and sold in the markets of the State when accompa- 

 nied by a tag furnished by the game warden of the county, showing 

 whose property it is, where killed, and to whom shipped. 



New Hampshire. — The Blue Mountain Forest Association may kill 

 elk, deer, or moose in their preserve for one month after the open 

 season, and at any time may transport them outside the State. 



330 



