CONTENTS 3 



CHAPTER XII 



PAGE 



Valparaiso — Excursion to the Foot of the Andes — Structure of the Land 

 —Ascend the Bell of Quillota— Shattered Masses of Greenstone- 

 Immense Valleys— Mines — State of Miners — Santiago— Hot-baths 

 of Cauquenes — Gold-mines — Grinding-mills — Perforated Stones — 

 Habits of the Puma— El Turco and Tapacolo— Humming-birds . 269 



CHAPTER XIII 



Chiloe — General Aspect— Boat Excursion— Native Indians— Castro- 

 Tame Fox — Ascend San Pedro— Chonos Archipelago— Peninsula 

 of Tres Montes— Granitic Range— Boat-wrecked Sailors — Low s 

 Harbour— Wild Potato— Formation of Peat— Myopotamus, Otter 

 and Mice— Cheucau and Barking-bird— Opetiorhynchus— Singular 

 Character of Ornithology— Petrels 290 



CHAPTER XIV 



San Carlos. Chiloe— Osorno in Eruption, contemporaneously with 

 Aconcagua and Coseguina— Ride to Cucao— Impenetrable Forests 



Valdivia — Indians — Earthquake — Conception — Great Earthquake 



— Rocks fissured — Appearance of the former Towns — The _ Sea 

 Black and Boiling— Direction of the Vibrations — Stones twisted 

 round — Great Wave — Permanent Elevation of the Land — Area of 

 Volcanic Phenomena— The connection between the Elevatory and 

 Eruptive Forces— Causes of earthquakes— Slow Elevation of 

 Mountain-chains 309 



CHAPTER XV 



Valparaiso— Portillo Pass— Sagacity of Mules— Mountain-torrents— 

 Mines, how discovered — Proofs of the gradual Elevation of the 

 Cordillera — Effect of Snow on Rocks— Geological Structure of 

 the two main Ranges— Their distinct Origin and Upheaval— Great 

 subsidence— Red Snow— Winds— Pinnacles of Snow— Dry and 

 clear Atmosphere— Electricity— Pampas— Zoology of the opposite 

 Sides of the Andes— Locusts— Great Bugs— Mendoza— Uspallata 

 Pass— Silicified trees buried as they grew— Incas Bridge-^Badness 

 of the Passes exaggerated— Cumbre— Casuchas— Valparaiso . . 33a 



CHAPTER XVI 



Coast-road to Coquimbo— Great Loads carried by the Miners— Ce- 

 quimbo — Earthquake— Step-formed Terraces— Absence of recent 

 Deposits— Contemporaneousness of the Tertiary Formations— Ex- 

 cursion up the Valley— Road to Guasco— Deserts— -Valley ot 

 Copiapo— Rain and Earthquakes— Hydrophobia— The Despoblado— 

 Indian Ruins— Probable change of Climate— River-bed arched 

 by an Earthquake— Cold Gales of Wind— Noises from a Hill— 

 Iquique — Salt Alluvium — Nitrate of Soda— Lima — Unhealthy Coun- 

 try — Ruins of Callao, overthrown by an Earthquake — Recent sub- 

 sidence — Elevated Shells on San Lorenzo, their decomposition — 

 Plain with embedded Shells and fragments of Pottery — Antiquity 

 of the Indian Race 357 



