VARIETIES OF APPLE AFFECTED WITH BITTER PIT. 



31 



" Glassiness " has been found associated not only with Bitter Pit, but also with "Crinkle," 

 in some cases very common, and in others very rare. It has been suggested that " glassiness " 

 may become Bitter Pit by the heat turning it brownish beneath the skin, but, although they may 

 be associated under similar conditions, they are quite distinct in their manifestations. 



MOULDY CORE OF APPLE. 



This disease is very common in the Cleopatra or New York Pippin, and in this instance is 

 associated with the Bitter Pit. (Fig. 9.) On cutting it across, the core is found to be filled with 

 a white mould (Fig. 10), and it soon spreads, causing the entire apple to become worthless and 

 rotten. The mould gains an entrance from the blossom end, which is open, leaving a passage 

 to the core. This opening to the core from the eye is very important in connexion with the 

 keeping qualities of the apple, and its relation to Bitter Pit was also observed. Since the 

 Cleopatra variety has large, open channels leading to the core cavity, and is very liable to Pit as 

 well, some orchardists have come to the conclusion that the open eye has something to do with 

 the Pit. But, when a number of varieties are carefully examined, it is found that the open or 

 closed channel to the core cavity is not a constant quality, and may vary in the same variety. 

 Thus, Annie Elizabeth, which is also very liable to Pit, had a closed passage when grown in one 

 district, and an open channel, with "mouldy core," when grown in another. Further, Five 

 Crown or London Pippin is also subject to this disease, and has an open channel, but it is only 

 slightly liable to Pit. So that there is no proved connexion between an open passage from eye 

 to core and liability to Pit, but it is being observed, as a correlated character. 



XI.—VARTKT1KS OK APPLK AFFECTED WITH BITTEli PIT. 



Any one who has carefully inspected an orchard at the proper season, where a number 

 of varieties of apple trees are grown, must have been struck by the fact that not only are certain 

 varieties much more liable to the disease than others, but that some of them are absolutely or 

 practically free from it. And, when he extends his observations to other districts, and even to 

 other States, he finds that this immunity or liability to the disease is not constant, but that a 

 variety regarded as free in one district may be liable in another, and one slightly affected under one 

 set of conditions may be badly affected under another. It is also well known that one season 

 may be favorable to it, and another unfavorable, so that the season, the soil, and the locality may 

 all have an influence on the result. 



Confining our attention for the present to the Commonwealth of Australia, and compiling 

 lists, as given by responsible authorities in each State, the principal varieties affected are as 

 follows : — 



VICTORIA. 



Y( ry Bud to Bad. 



Annie Elizabeth. 

 Buncombe. 

 ( 'li'opal ra. 



Cox's Orange Pippin. 

 Hon I Wolseley. 

 Magg's Seedling. 

 Northern Spy. 

 Prince Bismarck. 

 Kibston Pippin. 

 Shockley. 



Medium. 



Delicious. 



Duchess of Oldenburg. 

 Esopus Spitzenbcrg. 

 Hoover. 

 Xiekajack. 



Perfection (Shepherd's), 

 Prince Alfred. 

 Kokewood. 

 Stunner Pippin. 



Slight to Very Might* 



Ben Davis. 

 Dumelow's Seedling. 

 Five Crown or London 



Pippin. 

 Gravenstein. 

 Jonathan. 



Munroe's Favourite. 

 Pomme de Neige. 



lleinette de Canada. 

 Rome Beauty. 

 Rymer. 



Scarlet Nonpareil. 

 Statesman. 

 Stone Pippin. 

 Winter Ma jet in. 



