LITERATURE DIRECTLY RELATING TO BITTER PIT. 



113 



34. Fulton, H. R. ; Wright, W. J. ; Gregg, J. W. The Control of Insects and Diseases affecting Horticultural Crops. 



Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. Bull. 110, p. 15. 1911. 



Under the heading of Fruit-spot it is stated, " It must not be confused -with Fruit-pit, a different trouble, for 

 which no successful method of control is known." 



35. Goodwin, W. A. Lateral Growths. Agricultural Gazette, Tasmania, XIX., p. 382. July, 1911. 



" He had never found an apple at the end of a lateral shoot to have Bitter Pit." [Pitted apples have been found 

 at the end of lateral shoots.] 



36. Greig-Smith, R. Note on Bitter Pit of Apples. Proc. Linn. Soc, New South Wales, XXXVI., No. 141, p. 158. 1911. 



No microbes nor fungi found, and suggests that the pits are the result of some enzyme or poison injected by 

 sucking insects. 



37. Griffon, E., and Mattblanc, A. Contribution a l'etude des Maladies des Pommes et des Poires. Annales de 



l'lnstitution National Agronomique, 2nd Ser., Vol. X., Part I., p. 9. 1911. 



Under the heading of " Corky disease or brown spots in the flesh of the Apple " a brief description of the 

 disease is given. Practical orchardists consider that nitrogenous manures favour it. 



38. Griffiths, A. Bitter Pit in Apples. Agricultural Gazette, Tasmania, XIX., p. 290. June, 1911. 



Bitter Pit is regarded as a constitutional weakness in the fruit itself and is directly due to overgrowth. The 

 remedies are, apart from rainfall, over which wo have no control: — (1) proper drainage of land; 

 (2) judicious manuring ; (3) avoid excesses in pruning ; (4) when irrigating be temperate. 



39. Gussow. H. T. Journal, Royal Agricultural Society, England, LXVIL, p. 259. 1900. 



Varieties found affected in England, Warner's King, New Hawthornden. Lord Grosvenor, and Allington Pippin — 

 all soft fleshy fruits. Injury only detected after storing. 



40. Report of the Dominion Botanist — Fruit Pit or Bitter Pit of Apples. Canadian Experiment Farms Report, 



p. 244. 1911. 



Description of the disease, with a good illustration, and the cause discussed, but no definite conclusion arrived 

 at. " The causal factors are, on the one hand, rapid loss of water from the fruit, and, on the other, an 

 inability to make good this loss with sufficient rapidity." 



41. Jaeger. Illustr. Monatshefte fur Obst-und Weinbait, p. 318. 1S69. 



Pitting developed in liable varieties by rapid transpiration. 



42. Jones, L. R. Fifth Annual Report, Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 133. 1891. 



Occurrence of a fruit spot of the Baldwin apple mentioned. 



43. Jones, L. R., and Orton, W. A. The Brown Spot of the Apple. Twelfth Annual Report, Vermont Agricultural 



Experiment Station, p. 159. 1899. 



The spots were associated in their distribution with that of the vascular bundles, occurring at or near the endi 

 of the veins which ramify in the tlesh of the fruit. Summary of causes assigned and remedies suggested. 



44. Kirchner, 0., and Boltshauser. St'ippigwerden der Aepfel. Atlas der Krankheilen, Series V., Plate XXVIII. 



Stuttgart, 1899. 



The illustration shows the brown spots beneath the skin, and the disease is probably caused b}- the gradual 

 lose of water from the transpiration of the fruit. 



45. Kirk, T. W. Bitter Pit. Sixth Annual Report, Department of Agriculture, New Zealand, p. 186. 1898. 



States that the loss inflicted is considerable. 



46. Bitter Pit of Apples. Nineteenth Annual Report, Department of Agriculture, New Zealand, p. 1G4. 1911. 



Varieties affected given. 



47. Lafar, F. Technical Mycology, I., p. 403. Griffin and Co., London, 1898. 



Brown spotting or spotting of sound apples under the rind is said to be duo to the cells becoming ruptured, 

 and oxidation of the tannin being produced. 



48. LaMSON, H. H. Fruit and Potato Diseases. New Hampshire College Agricultural Experiment Station. Bull. 45. 



May, 1897. 



Spot disease of Baldwin apple referred to. Considers that spraying with Bordeaux mixture reduces amount 

 of spotted fruit. 



49. Lea, A. M. Bitter Pit. Department of Agriculture, Tasmania. 1903. 



Regards this disease of apples in Tasmania as being the most troublesome, next to Black Spot. 



50. Lounsbury, C. P. The Fusicladium Disease of the Pear and Apple. Agricultural Jourval, Cape of Good Hopr, 



Cape Town, XXXIII., p. 10. 1908. 



Bitter Pit referred to and illustrated because commonly confused with Fusicladium. 

 C.104G9. H 



