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Part III. — Eleventh Annual Report 



The Diseases of Fishes. 



In the present Report will be found several short papers by Mr 

 George Sandeman, descriptive of various morbid growths which 

 have been found in different fishes. The pathology of fishes is but 

 little known ; but investigations on this subject have been recently 

 made in America. Mr Sandeman describes multiple tumours in 

 plaice and flounders, which seem to be obscure in origin, a tumour 

 from a tunny captured in the Forth, and others. 



Physical Investigations. 



In the present Report will be found an elaborate paper, 

 accompanied by numerous tables and a chart, by Dr H. R. Mill, 

 F.R.S.E., F.R.S.G.S., and Mr Andrew Ilerbertson, on the physical 

 observations made at the various fixed stations on the East and 

 West coast, on the * Garland,' and on the ' Vigilant ' and ' Jackal.' 

 The mean temperature of the sea around the coasts of Scotland 

 in 1892 was considerably lower than in the previous year, being 

 from one degree to a degree and a half lower on the East coast, 

 and from half a degree to one degree lower on the West coast 

 it was also lower in 1891 than in 1890. For instance, the mean 

 annual temperature of the sea at the Bell Rock Lighthouse was 

 9'2° C. in 1890, 8'7° C. in 1891, and 7'8° C. in 1892. At stations 

 where temperatures of surface and bottom are noted, it is found 

 that the upper layers of water are warmer during the early months 

 of the year, and the lower layers are warmer in autumn. The 

 observations on the density of the sea at the various stations are 

 very fully discussed, as are also those made on board the ' Garland,' 

 especially with reference to the transparency of the water at 

 different seasons of the year. The observations made during the 

 years 1887-1892, on board the 1 Vigilant' and H.M.S. 'Jackal,' 

 so far as they are of valiifi. aw* tabulated for the first time. 



Contemporary Fishery Work. 



An account is given in Section D, by Dr T. Wemyss Fulton, of 

 the contemporary fishery work in this country and in a number of 

 foreign States. From this review it appears that there is in 

 almost all countries where the sea fisheries are largely prosecuted, 

 complaints as to the falling off in the abundance of many of the 

 food fishes, especially in the waters around the coasts, and various 

 regulative measures have been adopted and enforced in different 

 countries with a view to their preservation. In no country is free 

 and unrestricted fishing now permitted, and in some cases, as in 

 Denmark, the regulations are minute, and affect both the places 

 and times for fishing and the apparatus of capture. Sea-hsh 

 hatching has also been prosecuted on a large scale in Norway, 

 Newfoundland, the United States and Canada; and very great 

 activity is being shown to extend protect, and develop the 



