Butter-Blending in Normandy. 



upwards pieces of twine, previously placed at stated intervals 

 across the table. 



The tables with glass tops rest on three small wheels 

 having gutta-percha tyres. They carry the butter to the 

 horizontal blender. This is a circular, concave, revolving 

 table of beech wood, mounted on iron. The revolving roller 

 of corrugated beech wood tapers towards the centre of the 

 table to which it is attached, and where the butter-milk and 

 water run off. Water is let on to the roller in a spray, and 

 the butter is very thoroughly washed. 



A hand-blender for small dairies to work 4 J lbs. of butter, 

 2 feet 4 inches in diameter, costs 2/. 3s. (yd. A hand or motor- 

 power blender for small mills, to work 22 lbs. of butter at a 

 time, with a table 3 feet in diameter, costs 7/. 12s. 

 Powerful blenders, capable of working 440 lbs. of butter 

 per hour, motor-power, 4 feet 6 inches in diameter, 40/. The 

 horizontal blenders, now in use at Valognes, where 60 tons of 

 butter are turned out per day, can manipulate over 2 tons of 

 butter per hour, with 3 to 4 horse-power motor ; their diameter 

 is 8 feet 8'inches, with two rollers, and they cost 1 80/. The butter 

 is turned over automatically. These horizontal blenders 

 are sufficient to mix and wash soft and first-class butter. 



At Valognes vertical blenders are also in use, the 

 butter being carried to them from the horizontal blenders 

 on the rolling tables. These vertical blenders are 

 necessary for colouring when all the butter is light in 

 colour, owing to drought or frost spoiling the pastures. 

 They are indispensable Avhen margarine is added ; they mix 

 better than the horizontal blender, and complete the 

 extraction of butter - milk, but they would not suffice 

 for the latter purpose. The vertical blender consists ot 

 a wooden screw, revolving within a vertical wooden cylinder. 

 The butter is thrown in on top and comes out below, at 

 one side on to a wooden tray. 



From the tray of the vertical blender the butter passes 

 on to the roller table, and is carried to the " lisseuse," 

 which is practically a mangle. The u lisseuse/' or mangle, 

 consists of two horizontal revolving cylinders of beech 

 wood, between which the butter is rolled, and falls into 

 troughs on wheels having gutta-percha tyres. 



