6 



S> W. Johnson on two Sugars from California. 



Diameter 5 m to 6 m . 



I believe this to be a Stylodictya rather than a Flustrella in 

 consequence of indications that the spines radiate from the centre, 

 and are not mere marginal appendages. 



Spongolithis f clavata B. PL I, fig. 21. Club-shaped, fistulous, 

 with a rounded head bearing numerous tubular spines. 



Spongolithis t orthogona B. PL I, fig. 22. Composed of three 

 bars crossing each other at right angles, each bar perforate, 

 smooth near the centre, and enlarging towards each end into a 

 club-shaped portion densely beset with short spines. 



Both these forms, which I have referred with some hesitation to 

 Spongolithis, are certainly siliceous and not calcareous forms as 

 they completely resist the action of acids. 



The position and depth of the soundings in which the above 

 species were detected are as follows : 



No. 1. Sea bottom 2700 fathoms, lat 56° 46' N, long. 168° 18' 

 E, brought up by Lieut. Brooke with Brooke's lead. 



No. 2. Sea bottom 1700 fathoms, lat 60° 15' N, long. 170° 53' 

 E, brought up as above July 26th, 1855. 



No. 3. Sea bottom 900 fathoms, temperature (deep sea) 32° 

 Saxton. Lat. 60° 30' N, long. 175° E. 



By consulting the drift chart in Maury's Physical Geography 

 of the Sea (PL IX) it will be seen that the above positions are in 

 the region where the drift is from the north, and the species 

 themselves appear to be of a northern type, differing decidedly 

 as a group from those found at Japan or along the coast of 

 Oregon and California. 



Art. II. — Examination of two Sugars (Panoche and Pine Sugar) 

 from California; by Samuel W. Johnson. 



Some time since I received from Wm. P. Blake, Esq., Geolo- 

 gist of the Pacific E. K. survey, two substances collected by him, 

 with the following notice of their occurrence, &c. 



" The sugar which I send you is collected by the Indians of 

 the Tefou in California, from the surface of the leaves of a tall 

 reed or cane which grows abundantly along the streams and low 

 moist places of that valley. The canes are cut and then beaten 

 over hides spread upon the ground. The sugar is thus detached 

 from the plants, and mingled as it is with fragments of the leaves 

 and stalks, is made into thick cakes which are afterwards covered 

 with a neatly woven mat made of tule or round rushes tightly 

 bound together. This sugar is known as Panoche, and is much 

 liked by the Indians. It is also used by settlers and emigrants 

 when without a superior article, for sweetening their coffee. The 



