206 Statistics of the Flora of the Northern States. 



west ; so that the volume in question probably contains nearly 

 all the plants of Canada East, south of the St. Lawrence and of 

 lat. 47°, and of Canada West, south of lat. 46°, or perhaps 45°. 

 Our northern boundary rises highest at its western extremity, 

 even to lat. 49°. But the botany of the district beyond Fond 

 du Lac, lat. 47°, is little known. Probably many plants of the 

 northwestern plains are to be found there, which are otherwise 

 strangers to our region, as well as all or most of the species 

 known to occur on the northern but not on the southern shore 

 of Lake Superior.* 



A list of the additional Canadian species, as far as now 

 known, is appended.-)- 



The simplicity of our flora, as a purely northern temperate 

 one, is preserved by the absence throughout our limits of high 

 mountains and of any considerable extent of elevated land, es- 



* The following Phamogamous plants, contained in Prof. Agassiz's published list 

 of the plants gathered on the north shore of Lake Superior, in his expedition made 

 in 1848, are not included in the Botany of the Northern States, viz : 



Ribes oxyacanthoides. Tofieldia calyculata vel palustris. 



Lonicera involucrata. Carex Vahlii. 



Corispermum hyssopifolium. 



To which I may add, that obscure and ambiguous Grass, the Aira melieoides, 

 Michx., (Graphephorum, Beauv.). The last two, viz., Tofieldia palustris and Carex 

 Vahlii, with an interesting Fern, Allosorus acrostich aides, are in Prof. Whitney's 

 list (in Messrs. Foster and Whitney's Report on the Geology of the Lake Superior 

 Land District, 1851), and having been gathered on Isle Royale, strictly claim ad- 

 mission into our Flora. But I was not aware in time that Isle Royale fell within 

 the limits of the United States ; and, seeing that in any case it geographically and 

 botanically pertains to the northern shore, where the vegetation begins to display a 

 subalpine character, which it does not upon the south side, I determined to take the 

 southern shore of the lake for our boundary. 



jf This list includes the few just enumerated as found on the immediate coast of 

 Lake Superior, although only one of the seven, viz., Ribes oxyacanthoides, is truly 

 Canadian. Three of them come from the northwest and west, and three from the 

 Hudson's Bay country. I exclude the introduced species, reckoning among these 

 Hesperis matronalis, Sisymbryum Sophia, &c. : also all those mentioned as Canadian 

 by Pursh, which have not been confirmed by later observers. 



Aquilegia vulgaris' (A. brevisty la, Hook.). Aster Cornuti. 

 Turritis patula. Gentiana acuta. 



" retrofractra. Polemonium caeruleum. 



Thlaspi alpestre (?) Corispermum hyssopifolium. 



Linum perenne. Elseaguus argentea. 



Oxytropis Lamberti (?) — the plant of Tofieldia palustris. 



Quebec, so-called. Goodyera (Spiranthes, Hook.) decipiens. 



Ribes oxyacanthoides. Carex Vahlii. 



Lonicera involucrata. Graphephorum melicoides. (Poae sp. ?) 



Hieracium vulgatum. Elymus Europseus, ex Hook. 



Nardosmia frigida. Allosorus acrostichoides. 



Matricaria inodora. 



So far as we know at present, therefore, only 22 indigenous Phaenogamous species 

 and Ferns (of which 12 are also European) would therefore be added, by comprising 

 Canada proper, that is, the country bordering the north of the St. Lawrence and of 

 the Great Lakes. 



