10 . SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 



-3 



1890 



1910 



1930 



1950 

 Year 



1970 



1990 



2010 



FIGURE 5. Ten-year moving average of 1 1 5-year growth increments; master chronology of Newfoundland C. compac- 

 tum compared to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO; r = 0.74; Halfar et al., 201 la). 



and specimen labeling, drying, and initial measurement. Extrac- 

 tions from rocky bottoms were mostly made manually, with a 

 hammer and chisel; although 10%-20% of specimens were re- 

 moved with the rock substrate still attached to the base, the ma- 

 jority separated cleanly from the substrate. 



Clathromorphum compacjum (North Atlantic, 

 Labrador Sea, and Arctic) 



More than 200 stations, at depths ranging from approxi- 

 mately 0 to 35 m, including the Gulf of Maine, Nova Scotia, 



the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the island of Newfoundland, and 

 the Labrador coast northward to Cape Chidley, were sam- 

 pled by Walter Adey and his students. The Gulf of Maine 

 (GOM) specimens were collected primarily from 1960 to 

 1963. Some of the Labrador (LAB), northeast Newfoundland 

 (NENF) and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (NGSL) speci- 

 mens were collected during a 1964 cruise, and a limited num- 

 ber of photographic bottom images are available from that 

 cruise. Liowever, the majority of the C. compactum specimens 

 were collected during expeditions of the R/V Alca i during 

 the summers of 2010 and 2011. The research base comprises 



FIGURE 6. Annually resolved 5"C values for three C. nereostratitm speci- 

 mens collected off two Aleutian Islands with the 3-year running mean in bold. 

 (Williams etal.,2011). 



