ABSTRACT 



Adey, Walter H., Jochen Halfar, and Branwen Williams. The Coralline Genus Clathromorphum Foslie emend. Adey: Biological, Physi- 

 ological, and Ecological Factors Controlling Carbonate Production in an Arctic-Subarctic Climate Archive. Smithsonian Contributions 

 to the Marine Sciences, number 40, iv + 42 pages, 29 figures, 1 table, 2013. — The coralline algal genus Clathromorphum is a dominant 

 calcifier in the rocky Subarctic biogeographic region, stretching through the lower Arctic from the Labrador Sea to the Bering Sea. 

 Although commonly 2-10 cm in thickness, Clathromorphum can reach a thickness of up to 50 cm while forming an annually layered 

 structure that can reach currently documented ages of up to 850 years. Geochemical and growth information archived in annual growth 

 bands of Clathromorphum sp. has been used to provide long time series of past environmental conditions in regions that are poorly un- 

 derstood major drivers of Northern Hemisphere climate. However, information on Clathromorphum calcification, growth, and ecology 

 that would allow interpretation of these records has previously been quite limited. Here we relate extensive field and laboratory data on 

 the biology, physiology, and ecology of species of this genus and their controlling environmental parameters. We show that Clathromor- 

 phum has evolved a unique mode of double calcification, with high-magnesium calcite crystals, that enhances long life and leads to a 

 multielement climate archive. Growth rates are controlled by temperature, and carbonate density is controlled by light, determined by 

 both latitude and sea ice cover, whereas carbonate buildup and ultimate thickness are determined by local geomorphology and faunal 

 interactions. Reproduction is complexly linked to vegetative anatomy. Precise paleoenvironmental information can be retrieved from 

 Clathromorphum because of its unique cytological and anatomical structures, described and modeled for the first time in this volume. 



Cover images: (left) One thousand year-old Clathromorphum compactum mound buried in a rhodolith bed (Lithoth amnion 

 tophiforme) in northern Labrador Photo by Michael D. Fox; (center) Boulders at 25m depth heavily encrusted with C. compactum 

 on the shore of low rocky island in northern Labrador. © Nick Caloyianis. Reprinted with permission; (right) Boulder with 200-300 

 year-old crust of C. compactum from southern Labrador. Coralline crusts on boulder sides are mostly Lithothanmnion spp. © Nick 

 Caloyianis. Reprinted with permission. 



Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS 

 P.O.Box 37012, MRC 957 

 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 

 www.scholarlypress.si.edu 



Copyright © 20 13 Smithsonian Institution 



The rights to all text and images in this publication, including cover and interior designs, are owned either by the Smithsonian 

 Institution, by contributing authors, or by third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for personal, educational, or noncommercial 

 purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify copyrighted content, and must comply with all other 

 terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use. 



Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 



Adey, Walter H. 



The coralline genus Clathromorphum foslie emend, adey : biological, physiological, and ecological factors 

 controlling carbonate production in an arctic-subarctic climate archive / Walter H. Adey, Jochen Halfar, and Branwen Williams, 

 pages cm — (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; number 40) 

 Includes bibliographical references and index. 



1. Coralline algae. 2. Algae — Effect of temperature on. 3. Ecology — Cold regions. I. Halfar, Jochen, 1969- 

 n. Williams, Branwen, 1980- III. Title. 

 QK569.C8A325 2013 

 581.7-dc23 



2013026877 



ISSN: 0196-0768 (print); 1943-667X (online) 



(§) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of 

 Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1992. 



