xxxiv 
Eifjhth Annual Report of the 
Fish return to ' principle should bo carefully borne in mind, and that is that every 
^h'^the** * s P awns 011 or Dear tne snor( - nas a definite relationship 
were spawned. ' k J particular area of sea-bottom ; or, in other words, that, as far 
\ as we can judge from experiment and observation, every fish 
1 returns, as nearly as possible, to its own birthplace, to exercise the 
' function of reproduction, and continues to do so, year after year, 
' during the whole period of its existence. A second law, equally 
' positive, with a great variety of fish, is, that they pass from their 
1 spawning grounds to the sea by the shortest route that will take 
' them out into the deeper waters, where they spend the winter, and 
\ that coming and going to and from a given locality they follow a 
' determinate and definite line of migration.' 
These principles have been fully confirmed by the astonishing 
results which have attended the artificial hatching which was 
resorted to as a means of restoring the cod fishery to its former 
productiveness, both in Norway and the United States. In Norway 
this system was initiated under Professor Sars; in New England it 
Results of Cod- was introduced as an experiment in 1878-79. After an experience 
hatching. 0 f several years the cod fishery at Flodevig has been doubled ; 
and at the station at Gloucester, Mass., a hatchery is now in 
operation capable of producing many millions of cod in a 
season. 
From the latest Annual Report of the U.S. Fish Commission we 
learn that 60,000,000 of cod fry have been placed in the water in 
the vicinity of Gloucester; that 500,000 young cod had been for- 
warded to Hampton Roads, in the hope Of forming a cod colony in 
Chesapeake Bay ; and that a similar shipment had been made to 
the Gulf of Mexico, in order to determine whether cod can be 
successfully transferred to southern waters. Colonel M'Donald 
stated that the results of these efforts were very encouraging. 
They were, he said, now catching small cod inshore, which is un- 
usual in the history of the fishery, and indicates that the fish had 
been successfully planted there. The Boston Fish Bureau, in its 
Report for 1890, confirms this statement. During the past two 
Millions of years, it says, many millions of cod, haddock, and pollack have 
young fish on been produced and planted in New England waters, with the result 
grounds. 118 tnat ' iniltioiis of these species of one and two years growth 
' are reported as being on the fishing grounds near the coast, 
1 while young cod have been taken in traps and otherwise 
' where the oldest fishermen have no recollection of seeing them 
' before. ' 
Newfoundland In 1888 a Fisheries Commission was appointed by the Colony 
a Hatchery for °^ Newfoundland, anal t ne y appointed a Norwegian expert, Mr A. 
Cod and Nielsen, as its superintendent. One of the first steps taken was to 
Lobsters. establish an efficiently equipped hatchery for cod and other marine 
Description of (i s h and lobsters at Dildo Island, Trinity Bay. The apparatus used 
used All>aratUS * s m tne improved form, which is due to the inventive genius of 
Colonel M'Donald, and which is described in the Second Report of 
the Commission, dated March 1890. The Macdonald apparatus is 
placed on one side of the hatching room. It consists of four boxes, 
each 13 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 1 foot high. Each box is divided 
into twelve water-tight compartments, into which the incubator (a 
box, the bottom of which is covered with cheese cloth, and furnished 
