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Part III. — Eighth Annual Report 
young cod under three and a half inches were caught, twenty-eight of them 
ranging between If and 2 J inches. On the other hand, at Smith Bank, 
twelve miles off the shore, in twenty fathoms, a few young cod from 
one inch to one and a half inches were captured in May. In 1889 in 
the ordinary trawling operations of the 1 Garland,' 694 immature cod were 
captured, the majority being obtained within three to six miles from 
shore. 
Very young cod may be obtained in great numbers quite close in-shore 
on rocky ground among seaweed, especially during summer and autumn. 
Haddock (Gadus seglefinux). 
The young haddock seems to have different habits from the young 
whiting and cod, and to frequent different ground, most of them being got 
in deepish water at a distance from shore. Of 575 haddocks obtained, 
451 were immature, and 124 of adult size. The average number of 
immature individuals per shot within three miles from shore was only 
0*3 ; while beyond the three-mile limit they were twenty times as 
abundant, the average being 6*3 per shot. None were got in water under 
ten fathoms in depth ; the great majority were captured in depths 
between twenty-five and thirty fathoms. Immature haddocks therefore 
are not numerous in the territorial waters. They are not apparently 
found, like the young cod, among the tangles at low water. Of the 451 
immature specimens, 347, or seventy-seven per cent, were under five 
inches in length ; 22 were under three inches, and seven one inch or under.* 
The seven of or under one inch in length were captured in one haul in the 
Moray Firth in July, fifteen miles from shore, and in water thirty 
fathoms deep, on ground where a large shoal of haddocks were 
discovered spawning at the end of March. In July the territorial 
waters in the Moray Firth were also examined, but not a single young 
haddock was obtained in any of the several hauls made. If it were the 
habit of the young haddock to frequent the territorial waters, one would 
have expected to discover individuals derived from the shoals which 
spawned some twelve miles off in March. The great majority of those 
four and five inches long were caught in water of between twenty and 
thirty fathoms depth, and from four to ten miles from shore. It is note- 
worthy that very few specimens were captured between six and ten 
inches in length. Only four between these sizes were obtained during 
May, July, September, and October; while 345 smaller specimens and 155 
larger were caught during the same months. In February, March, and 
April, however, individuals under five inches were very rare, and those 
between six and ten inches much more common. Nearly all the speci- 
mens under five inches in length were captured in September, at the 
mouth of the Firth of Forth and up to ten miles outside it. Larval and 
post-larval stages of the haddocks have not yet been detected in tow-net 
collections. Professor M'Intosh, our greatest authority, states f that no 
young haddocks have hitherto come under notice until they were over 
two inches in length. It would appear, therefore, that the pelagic life of 
the haddock is limited, and that they soon seek the bottom, and, probably, 
chiefly rocky ground (where the trawl cannot be used) some distance from 
shore. 
* These very small specimens were unfortunately not preserved, 
t ' The Development and Life-History of the Teleostean and other Food Fishes,' 
Trans. Roy. Soc, Edin., vol. xxv. pt. iii., No. 19, 1890. 
