of the Fishery Board for Scotland 
231 
Arenicola, Phyllodoce, and others) formed most of the food. Next in 
importance were echinoderms (sand-stars) in both localities. Annelids in 
the Firth of Forth are of nearly equal importance to arthropods in St 
Andrews Bay ; molluscs and fish form about the same proportions at both 
places. 
Long Rough Dabs. — These differ very much in their feeding from the 
fish already mentioned. In the Firth of Forth no other fish, with perhaps 
the solitary exception of the haddock, feeds so largely on echinoderms. 
Arthropods (especially Crangon and hermit crabs) form a somewhat 
larger proportion of their food ; while annelids, molluscs and fish form a 
very small part indeed. In St Andrews Bay these fish seem to live 
almost exclusively on echinoderms, sand-stars being found in above 80 
per cent. Arthropods (all Crangon) were found in from 7 to 15 per cent. ; 
annelids and fish were rarely found, molluscs not at all. 
Witch Soles. — In the Firth of Forth these fish feed very largely if not 
almost exclusively on annelids (especially Sabella). Arthropods (chiefly 
Crangon and Ampelisca) form a small part of their diet along with 
molluscs (Scrobicularia), while echinoderms and fish are found on very 
rare occasions. In St Andrews Bay no witch soles were examined. 
Flounders. — Of these 39 specimens were examined in the two years in 
the Firth of Forth, but none contained any food. In St Andrews Bay 
they feed chiefly on annelids (Terebella and Arenicola), Crangon, 
Eupagurus, Echinus, Solen, and goby being the only other forms found. 
Gurnards live both in the Forth and in St Andrews Bay on a very 
varied diet of arthropods (especially Crangon, Pandalus, Portunus, Eu- 
pagurus) and fish (herrings, sprats, sand-eels, whitings, dabs, pipe-fish, 
lump-suckers, pogge), with an occasional annelid or mollusc. Only in one 
instance were echinoderms (Ophiura albida) found out of 630 stomachs 
examined, 407 of which contained food. 
Cod. — In the Firth of Forth these fish feed largely on a very varied 
assortment of arthropods and fish, molluscs and annelids forming subor- 
dinate articles of diet, and echinoderms being very rarely found. In St 
Andrews Bay only a few cod were examined ; arthropods, annelids, and 
fish formed their sole food. 
Haddocks. — In the Firth of Forth these fish are perhaps the most equal 
or indiscriminate feeders. Arthropods were found in 50 to 59 per cent, 
of stomachs containing food ; echinoderms and annelids in from 20 to 
26 per cent. In 1888 molluscs were found in 23 per cent., and fish in 
14 per cent., while in 1889 molluscs were found in 53 per cent., and 
fish in only 3 per cent. ; so that one might say that molluscs in this 
latter year took the place of fish in the dietary of the haddock. In 
St Andrews Bay not many haddocks were examined, but the absence 
of fish as an article of their diet is noteworthy. 
Whitings. — In the Firth of Forth whitings feed chiefly on fish, and 
would seem to prefer this article of diet. Arthropods form a smaller 
part of their food. Molluscs and annelids would appear to be unim- 
portant, and no echinoderin has been found in any of the stomachs 
examined. In St Andrews Bay only a few were examined. 
Skate. — In the Firth of Forth arthropods (Portunus, Pandalus, Crangon, 
Nephrops) form the chief food of the skate. Fish come next in import- 
ance, and consist of herrings, whitings, and flat-fish. Molluscs and 
echinoderms are rare ; annelids are not found. In St Andrews Bay the 
food is similar, except that molluscs are more common and annelids are 
represented. 
Cat-fish. — In the Firth of Forth arthropods (Eupagurus, Hym, Por 
tunus, Cancer, Nephrops, Crangon, Galathea) were found in about 50 per 
