of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 
371 
1 nearest to the focus — even to grazing it, whilst the larger ones always 
' kept themselves at a regular distance, never penetrating within the 
* luminous circle of the waters, so that, through the effect of the submerged 
' electric light they gave the appearance as if the waters were discoloured 
' with chalk.' 
Figures of interest are given relative to the fisheries in the Bay of 
Manila, Philippine Island. They are mainly carried on by means of 
corrals, enclosures made of all kinds of materials as may be cheapest and 
most convenient on the spot. They are licensed and have to be renewed 
every six months, the required fee (or rental) being paid on each renewal. 
They are only permitted under 7 fathoms of depth, and the fee is accord- 
ing to the depth of water. 
1887. 1888. 
Number of corrals, 342 596 
Persons employed, 7,109 9,009 
Value of boats and erections 883,575 pesetas 933,904 pesetas 
Weight of fish taken. 
1887. 1888. 
To be consumed fresh, 1,375 tons, 2,156 tons. 
salted, 557 „ 963 „ 
Total, 1,902 „ 3,119 „ 
Total value in 1887, 818,791 pesetas or £34,000 
in 1888, 1,210,867 „ £50,000 
The price having fallen apparently from £17, 17s. to £16 per ton. 
In an article on the Sardine trade of Galicia, where there are 600 sardine 
factories, we are told that the trade is declining. They demand a revise 
of the commercial treaties with France and other countries, high duties 
doing them much injury. Added to which are the heavy import duties 
on salt which keep down the production. The export also diminishes owing 
to the inferior oils used. The writer asks, * Is it possible to suppose that 
' the merchants or proprietors can find themselves in a position to improve 
4 their industry, when, apart from the heavy contracts by which they find 
' themselves bound, the duties imposed upon them are increased 1 
An interesting article on Turtles gives an account of the various species, 
and the decay to a serious extent of what up till a few years ago was a 
very productive fishing. 
On the fishing in the Mar Menor in 1889 ; the writer describes this 
sea, or Albufera, as at present full of young ; that the fish leave this sea 
in order to breed in the Mediterranean, but have not the requisite facilities 
for returning, or they would do so in still greater numbers ; and that the 
vegetation which appeared owing to the storm of November 1869, increases 
every year and threatens to invade this water to such an extent that it is 
most advisable it should be removed. 
There has been on the whole a great development of the fisheries of 
Spain during recent years, and the Government takes great care to spread 
a knowledge of the subject, and popularise the study 
7. FEANCE. 
At the Station Zoologique d' Endoume, Marseilles, the distinguished 
director Professor Marion and his assistants continue their valuable 
researches into the fisheries of the district.* This laboratory, while 
* Travaux de zoologique applique" e effectues sous la direction du Professor Marion, 
premiere annte, 1889, Marseille, 1890. 
