16 



BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



250 feet long by 100 feet wide, depth 1 foot. Temperature 45^°- It has a little offset at bay at 

 upper end, not included in estimate of size. Following measurements taken of dead fish in pond: 



Males: 



25^ inches. 

 24J^ inches. 



25 inches. 

 24 inches. 



26 inches. 

 23% inches. 

 26 inches. 

 24 inches. 



24 inches. 



22 inches. 



25 inches. 

 21 inches. 

 24 inches. 



23 inches. 



24 1 inches (average). 



Outlet of lower pond at mouth, 49°. Where Cold Creek (a small branch of Spring Creek, not 

 named on the map) flows past outlet of lower pond, 39^°. Saw salmon leaving main stream 

 (temperature 40°) and entering warmer water of pond outlet, and this must have been true during 

 most of spawning season. Cold Creek has but few fish in it and practically no dead fish. It is 

 less than 100 yards long above junction with Pond Creek and originates in springs. 



Opinion of O'Malley and myself, four or five times as many salmon in Spring Creek as in 1919. 

 This year it is a highly valuable spawning stream. It averages deeper than other tributaries to 

 Karluk Lake, has fine gravel beds, and is able to care for a good run, probably even more than it 

 had this year. It is a short stream, probably half a mile long. 



Left at 11.40 a. m. for foot of lake, about one-fourth to three-eighths mile distant. The great 

 school of salmon at foot of lake in 1919, estimated as containing 10,000 fish, was not present this 

 year. Temperature of river, 60°. 



The two authors of this report visited Karluk Lake together in 1922, accom- 

 panied by W. P. Studdert and Fred Lucas. At this time the junior author made a 

 preliminary survey of the lake and tributary streams, while the senior author was 

 concerned primarily with observations on the spawning grounds. The following 

 notes are taken from the diary kept by the senior author: 



August 18. — The river in the shallows below the portage was alive with king salmon, milling 

 around, splashing, finning, and spawning. A few humps were with them in the shallows, but a 

 very large number were resting quietly among the waterweeds, closely packed, side by side, their 

 white bellies very conspicuous. These had probably reached this stretch of the river before becom- 

 ing ripe, and were awaiting that event before going out on the spawning beds. The bottom of 

 the stream where they lay was not suitable for spawning purposes. They are marked not only 

 by the conspicuous white belly, but by the light or orange front and upper margin of the dorsal 

 fin (an upper anterior margin) and by the bright reddish orange gill membrane. 



Looking upstream from portage, few fish were seen. The character of the stream for two or 

 three miles (or more) is not favorable. In this quiet, weed-grown {Ranunculus aquatilis and others) 

 portion of the river, with slack current, few salmon remain. 



Before entirely passing the mountain on our right, along the base of which the river runs for 

 several miles, the current becomes more swift, the depth less, and the bottom most uneven, due to 

 the gravel heaps made by spawning salmon. Humpbacks and kings were spawning on all suitable 

 shallows and riffles from here to the lake, the humpies much the more numerous. 



.fcemales: 



25 inches. 

 22}4 inches. 



23 inches. 

 21J^ inches. 

 21J^ inches. 



22 inches. 



21 inches. 

 23^ inches. 



24 inches. 



23 inches. 

 23^ inches. 



22 inches. 

 21 inches. 



23 inches. 

 23J-2 inches. 

 23 inches. 



22. 7 inches (average). 



