SO FOREST AND STREAM. tJ^T u, 1894. 
ANGLING NOTES. 
Results of Marking Salmon. 
Manx readers of Forest and Stream will doubtless re- 
member something about the experiments of Mr. Ckas. 
G. Atkins, Superintendent of the TJ. S. Commission 
salmon breeding works in Maine, in tagging salmon to 
determine their habits, etc. The experiments were not 
as, complete as Mr. Atkins would have liked to make 
them, but so far as they went they showed that salmon 
after going to sea returned to the rivers in which they 
were born or planted as fry; showed increase in weight 
and growth from their stay in salt water, and pointed 
yery strongly to the theory that they spawned but once 
in two years. The habits of the same species of fish may 
and probably do differ in the waters of different countries, 
as witness what is known of the conduct of smolts, grilse 
and salmon in the Hudson and Penobscot rivers in the 
United States, and in the rivers of Canada and Great Brit- 
ain. Be this as it may, it is a commonly accepted belief 
that salmon spawn but once in.two years, no matter where 
they are found. Mr. Atkins's experiments in this direc- 
tion seemed to be conclusive in regard to the salmon of 
Maine. 
Last year Dr. Landmark, Inspector of Fresh- Water 
Fisheries in Norway, delivered a lecture at Gothenburg, 
in which were recorded certain facts which were learned 
from marking salmon in the rivers of Norway. 
Briefly, of fifty-three salmon that were recaptured after 
they were tagged and released, all but twelve were taken 
in the streams in which they were released. One was 
captured in another river and eleven were taken at sea. 
Of these wanderers all but one were taken north of the 
rivers in which they were marked and released. One was 
captured 264 miles away from the river in which it was 
released, and another 497 miles away from its river. 
Perhaps one of the most interesting features of the ex- 
periment of marking the salmon was the discovery that 
"a considerable number of salmon spawn yearly." No 
fewer than ten of the salmon recaptured were maxked the 
one year, either when ready to spawn or having just 
completed that operation, and were retaken the next year 
in rivers in a similar condition, and four females that 
were released one year just after spawning, were cap- 
tured at sea the next year at a time when they seemed to 
have just spawned. 
From the experiments, Landmark draws the conclusions 
that salmon which go directly to sea after spawning, recu- 
perate at once and are ready to, and do A spawn the fol- 
lowing year, while those which remain in fresh water all 
winter after spawning are not in condition to spawn until 
the second year. 
I have mentioned Landmark's experiments at this time 
chiefly to introduce the eleventh annual Report of the 
Fishery Board for Scotland. In this report I find a paper 
by Mr. W. E. Archer, F.R.S.E., Inspector of Salmon Fish- 
eries of Scotland, with the title "Natural History Notes on 
Salmon in Norway." 
Mr. Archer applied himself to the study of salmon in 
Norway for eight years, from 1884 to 1892, and during 
that period marked 954 salmon for the purpose of study- 
ing their habits, migrations, etc. Besides the salmon 
marked by Mr. Archer some 3,000 salmon were marked 
on other rivers in Norway, and details of the capture of 
some of them are given, but as these details were proba- 
bly furnished him by Landmark they doubtless concern 
fish already ref erred to. 
Mr. Archer leased Sand's River and it was in this stream 
that 954 marked Balmon were released, and of this num- 
ber 38 were recaptured. They were recaptured chiefly in 
the river, but a few were recaptured in fjords leading to 
the river, and six not included in the list were recaptured 
at sea. The greatest wanderers were, first, a salmon taken 
500 miles from the river in which it was marked, and 
2 years 208 days had elapsed between marking and recap- 
ture. Marked as a kelp this fish was caught fresh-run 
and had gained 15£lbs. Another had wandered 230 miles, 
and 1 year 247 days had elapsed. Still another was 
taken 200 miles away and had been gone from the home 
stream 1 year 204 days. 
Mr. Archer says: "The first important point that seems 
to be established by these experiments is that some sal- 
mon spawn annually; seven salmon marked on Sand's 
River and five salmon in Aaensira River were recaught 
the season following their being marked, either about to 
spawn or having spawned." 
I give the record of one fish. It was caught and 
marked on Oct. 11, 1887, just before spawning. It was 
recaptured fresh-xun on July 23, 1888, and had gained 
just lib. in weight. Another caught as a kelt on Feb. 3, 
1888 and marked, was caught again as a kelt on Jan. 16, 
1889, and had gained just lib. in weight. 
The details of the capture, marking and recapture of 
the various fish are interesting in the extreme, but they 
are too long to give here. Mr. Archer also produces evi- 
dence to show that all salmon do not spawn annually. 
With the paper there is a map of southern Norway show- 
ing the rivers, fjords and sea coast, and by a series of 
figures in colors the place of capture of each salmon is 
shown, the color of the figures in each case indicating the 
river in which the fish was marked and released. 
Salmon at Sea. 
Mr. Archer refers only briefly to the marked salmon re- 
captured in the sea, but the reference is of a surprising 
nature. He says the marked fish of Sand's River, re- 
caught at sea, were caught along the northern coast within 
a distance of ninety miles, the marked fish from Aaensira 
River showed very much wider wanderings, and inti- 
mated that this may have been caused by or is the result 
of artificial propagation carried on in latter river, but he 
says that further investigation will be required to de- 
termine if it is the rule for such fish (*". e., fish propagated 
artificially) to wander far from the streams in which 
they were planted. 
The U. S. Fish Commission has recently issued as part 
of the Bulletin a paper by Dr. Hugh M. Smith, assistant 
in charge Division of Statistics and Methods of the Fish- 
eries, with the title "Notes on the Capture of Atlantic 
Salmon at Sea." In this paper Dr. Smith has gathered 
together the records of all that was known at the time of 
writing of salmon captured at sea off the Atlantic coast. 
Dr. Smith writes me from California that since his paper 
was issued the Commission has come into possession of 
additional data regarding the occurrence of salmon at 
sea which may be made use of in a supplementary paper. 
In his letter Dr. Smith gives some interesting informa- 
tion about Pacific Coast fisheries, as follows: "You may 
be interested to learn that the salmon fishery of the Sac- 
ramento River seems to be undergoing regeneration. 
Last year the catch was larger than for several preceding 
years, and this season the run is over 50 per cent, greater 
than last year. To the Eastern man visiting the Pacific 
Coast for the first time, the sight of shad and striped bass 
in the market is novel. Both fish have come to stay, and 
already constitute important factors in the fisheries and 
fish trade. The shad seen are usually fine ones; a dozen 
exposed for sale on June 1 at a stand in San Francisco had 
an aggregate weight of 951bs. The supply of shad is far 
in excess of the demand, and is increasing yearly." 
It will be remembered that both shad and striped bass 
were taken overland from the Atlantic and planted in 
Pacific Coast waters. Shad averaging about 81bs. each is 
something not seen in the ordinary Eastern markets, but 
it is not unusual for fish to grow larger in waters where 
they have been planted than in the waters of their origi- 
nal habitat. A. N. Cheney. 
BOSTON ANGLERS. 
Mr. Rodney P. Woodman has returned from his spring 
trout fishing trip to Aroostook waters. He, with a 
friend, went up to Norcross on the new Bangor & Aroos- 
took Railroad. They then went some sixteen miles into 
the woods to the section of Rainbow Lake and Duck 
Lake. Here they found that they were too early, the 
weather being cold and uncomfortable. In the lakes 
they caught some very fine lake trout or togue, the flesh 
almost as pink as the finest brook trout. For brook trout 
they were obliged to fish the streams. Spencer stream 
afforded them great sport in some sections. They also 
visited the Upper and Lower Twin Lakes. These lakes 
they found, much to their surprise, full of pickerel, 
suckers and perch, as so many of the ponds in Maine are 
where the trout have been exhausted. The theory of the 
guides is that the pickerel were never put into those 
waters, but that they have worked their way up from the 
Penobscot River. The gentlemen pronounce the country 
they went over a good one for fishing, when one is ac- 
quainted with it and strikes it at the right season. The 
forests are almost primeval, and the distance is great 
enough from the beaten tracks of other sportsmen to 
suit even the most recluse of trout sportsmen. For a 
big game country they say that it is wonderful. They 
heard moose and tracked them. One big fellow they 
came near as he was wallowing in the "logan." He gave 
an ear-splitting snort and was away. Deer they found 
remarkably plenty. They saw scores of them, while the 
woods are full of tracks. 
The salmon fishermen to the celebrated salmon rivers 
in Canada and New Brunswick are fitting out and start- 
ing off in good numbers. Indeed, the waters of the 
Provinces seem to be drawing more fishermen than usual 
this year, both for salmon and trout. Saturday's Halifax 
steamer, sailing from Boston, is reported to have had 
more than a dozen trout and salmon sportsmen on board. 
There was quite a large party from New London, with 
some from Hartford, New Haven and Worcester. Mr. 
von L. Meyer, speaker of the Massachusetts House of 
Representatives, was off for the Restigouche as soon as 
the House adjourned. He is accompanied by Mr. T. Jef- 
ferson Coolidge, Jr. They expect to bo absent for three 
or four weeks. 
Mr. Mark Hollings worth, the' artist, has returned from 
his spring fishing trip to King and Bartlett lakes; he had 
excellent fishing. The scenery he describes as some- 
thing magnificent. Big Spencer Lake is some six miles 
long, and is made up of narrows and islands. It is the 
ideal home of trout and big game; big togue are taken in 
the lake. Mr, Hollingsworth caught one weighing some 
lOlbs. Brook trout are also abundant. Fly-fishing in the 
Spencer Stream is all that could be wished for. Two or 
three trout at a cast are not at all uncommon. Deer are 
remarkably plenty. One only has to be on the shores of 
the lakes and ponds to see them almost any hour in the 
day. 
In a day's fishing Mr. Hollingsworth, with his friend 
Mr. J. A. Littleton, of Boston, took 14 togue from Big 
Spencer Lake, the united weight of which was 531bs. The 
largest weighed lOUbs. Mr. Holh'ngsworth says that the 
sport of taking these big lakers is fully equal to that of 
taking brook trout, especially where they are fat and well 
fed. Mr. Myron W. Whitney, the celebrated basso of Bos- 
ton, with a party of friends, has recently returned from a 
fishing trip to King and Bartlett lakes. In the party were 
H. F. Mores, Leon each, S. G. Brooks and H. G. Brooks. 
Mr. John Bartleman tells a Boston friend that he is 
greatly pleased with his new camps at Loon Lake, form- 
erly Long Pond, at Rangeley. His mother is with him at 
camp, and they have everything fixed up in ideal order. 
Reports from Maine bass fishermen have never been 
more pleasing than this season. All the bass ponds in 
Kennebec county are "panning out" good fishing. The 
only question is what to do with the bass after they are 
caught. In some cases they are immediately returned to 
the water to furnish sport for some other fishermen. In 
this way it is possible for a single black bass to afford good 
sport to several fishermen in the run of a season. Fishing 
in the Chestnut Hill Reservoir will be indulged in to some 
extent this season. Special. 
Bass Fishing in Muskoka. 
Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Canada. — The region in the 
vicinity of Port Cockburn is studded with lakes teeming 
with bass. A party of Americans, Drs. Hollister and 
Bennett of Newark and Leo S. Herzig of New York, have 
had exceedingly good luck in these small lakes, and have 
returned each evening with large strings of black bass 
averaging 21bs. Quite a number of bass were caught last 
evening by the hotel dock. Pickerel (wall eyed pike) 
averaging from 3 to 51bs. are caught in the lake about 
three-quarters of a mile from the hotel. Blackstone Lake, 
situated about ten miles from here, has the reputation of 
having the best fishing in Canada. Mascallonge weighing 
201bs. and bass of 51bs. are caught in abundance. I would 
recommend anglers using 6ft. leaders for fishing in this 
region, as the water is very clear. It is also advisable to 
purchase a large supply of worms in Toronto, as bait is 
scarce here. Minnows and small chubs are also good 
bait. I prefer chub, as then the small fry do not steal the 
bait, although a large, fat worm seems to be the best bait. 
Hotel accommodations are good, and boats are low-priced. 
For any one who desires excellent fishing and good ac- 
commodations this is the place. On the smaller lakes 
guides can be procured for $1, although if one wants to 
row himself, a guide would be a superfluity, as the good 
spots are easily found; anchor near a hemlock stump and 
you are on good grounds. It is quite cool here, ther- 
mometer registering 62°. * I am going to Blackstone Lake 
next week and will let you know my luck. 
The Captain. 
SALMON FEEDING IN FRESH WATER. 
Portland, Ore. , June 29. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
Apropos of the subject of salmon feeding in fresh water 
and the oft-repeated declaration of the U. S. Fish Com- 
mission, Livingston Stone, Dr. David Starr Jordan, and 
other eminent authorities, that the salmon do never feed 
in fresh waters, I desire to say that, in my opinion, my 
friend Judge Greene's view is about the correct diagnosis 
of the mooted question. It will be remembered that he 
has frequently suggested in the columns of Forest AND 
Stream that the salmon may feed while in fresh waters 
upon food quite as nutritious and strengthening, although 
not of so substantial an appearance as that of their fat- 
tening yards in the ocean; that the first run of salmon 
undertake their pilgrimages at a season of the year when 
they are likely to find a good supply of larvae and other 
soft or gelatinous substances that would be very nutritious 
without leaving much substance in the salmon's stomach, 
and that those following would have the advantage of the 
spawn of their predecessors which they would not be slow 
in appropriating. Dr. Jordan admitted that this view 
might be true, and Charles Hallock declared that such 
had always been his opinion. That the salmon are very 
fond of their own spawn no one well informed about their 
habits will for a moment question. I have fished for 
salmon a great deal at the Falls of the Willamette, and 
aside from my own experience have closely observed the 
experiences of others. One day recently I hooked ten 
Chinooks at the falls with salmon spawn for bait. A 
gentleman with me hooked five. Another, more lucky, 
took twenty-one. Another, sixteen; and numerous other 
fishermen at the same place and time took from three to 
a dozen. They took the spawn greedily, not only on this 
particular day but on many other days. In fact I pre- 
sume that several thousand salmon have been taken atthe 
falls this month and last with salmon roe for bait. It 
seems to me that these facts indicate a disposition on the 
part of the salmon to feed in fresh water. At least I de- 
sire to add my proofs to the great mass of evidence in 
support of Judge Greene's theory. J. Roberts Mead. 
FISHING IN CANADA. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In my last letter I mentioned the visit to Lake Edward 
and Lake St. John of a distinguished party of Michigan 
railway men, but was then unable to report what success 
they had met with in the land of the ouananiche. Messrs. 
L'Hommedieu, assistant general superintendent of the. 
Michigan Central Railway, and J. D. Hawks, manager of 
the Detroit, Bay City & Alpina Railway returned here on 
the 20th of June from the Grande Discharge in their 
special car. delighted with their sport and with the game 
qualities of the ouananiche. Among the fish taken by 
members of this party were a number of three-pounders, 
some of the anglers having hooked three and killed two 
ouananiche at a single cast. Messrs. Plumb of Detroit 
and Lyon of Oswego, who formed part of the same group 
of fishermen at Lake St. John, are now fishing the waters 
of the St. Marguerite Salmon Club. 
Mr. Plumb writes me from the club house under date of 
June #8, and speaking of some specimens of my favorite 
summer fly for ouananiche, usually known here as the 
B.- A. -Scott, but, as pointed out some time ago by Mr. A, 
N. Cheney, almost exactlv identical with the General- 
Hooker as found in Mrs. Mary Or vis Marburg's "Favorite 
Flies," says: "I divided the flies you sent me among our 
friends, and all of us took fish with them. Indeed, we did 
on everything we used. One fly seemed to do the work 
about as well as another. We had a delightful time at the 
Grand Discharge and lots of fish." For some week or two 
this fishing is likely to continue good. Then the ouanan- 
iche that rise to the fly here will diminish in size, and 
anglers in search of the best sport and the largest fish will 
have to descend the Discharge to Isle Maligne or there- 
abouts, or else ascend the Mistassini, Ashuapmouchouan, 
Peribonca or other tributaries of Lake St. John. Mr. 
Chamberlain, of Rochester, and a party of friends are 
fishing their splendid ouananiche waters above the Vache 
Caille Rapids and near the foot of Alma Island, in the 
Grand Discharge. This is one of the most picturesque 
portions of the waters of the upper Saguenay country. 
In a few days more ouananiche fishing will be at its 
best in the splendid pools at the Fifth Falls of the Mis- 
tassini. Mr. W. J. Hazlewood, of New York, has 
already this season had fair sport there, but was too 
early for the best of the fishing. He did exceedingly 
well, however, at the Grand Discharge. Mr. Archibald 
Stuart, of Scotland, who recently had a delightful time 
at the Fifth Falls, started out in the early part of last 
week on a trip to great Lake Mistassini, and it was with 
great reluctance that I felt compelled to decline his invi- 
tation to accompany him. The expedition will be a most 
interesting one, if only from the fact that it has been 
made by so few white men. Mr. Stuart is accompanied 
by four Indian guides and two canoes, containing his 
tent, supplies, etc., and expects to be absent from civiliza- 
tion some two months, which will afford him ample time 
for fishing and for taking views of the scenery en route. 
The well-known anglers Kit Clai'ke and E. J. Meyers, 
of New York, and Eugene McCarthy, of Syracuse, are 
expected up this way during the present month, and Mr. 
Chester S. Lord, of the New York Sun, is looked for in 
about a fortnight. 
Mr. Blanchard, who did so'much last year in the 
columns of Forest and Stream to bring to a successful 
issue the agitation against the constant netting of Cana- 
dian salmon streams, went down to the St. Marguerite 
last week, accompanied by Mr. Brown, of Boston. 
Messrs. Edson Fitch, and John D. Gilmour, of this city, 
have so far killed twenty-three fish on the Trinity this 
season, and Messrs. Amos Little, E. P. Borden and party, 
of Philadelphia, have lately returned trom a very sue- 
