DBO. 22, 1894.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
867 
countries. Any organized yacht club of a foreign country, incorpor- 
ated, patented, or licensed by the Legislature, Admiralty or other ex- 
ecutive department, having for its annual regatta an ocean water 
course on the sea, or on an arm of the sea, or one which combines 
both, shall always be entitled to the right of sailing a match for this 
Cup, with a yacht or vessel propelled t>y sails only, and constructed in 
the country to which the challenging club belongs, against any one 
yacht or vessel constructed in the country of the club holding the 
Cup. 
4. The competing yachts or vessels, if of one mast, shall be not less 
than sixty-five feet nor more than ninety feet on the load waterline. 
If of more than one mast they shall ba not less than eighty feet nor 
more than one hundred and fifteen feet on the load waterline. 
5. The challenging club shall give ten months'' notice, in writing, 
naming the days for the proposed races, but no race shall be sailed in 
the days intervening between Nov. 1 and Mayl. Accompanying the 
ten months' notice of challenge there must he sent the name of the 
owner and a certificate of the name, rig and following dimensions of 
the challenging vessel— namely, length on load waterline, beam at 
load waterline and extreme beam and draught of water, which dimen- 
sions shall not be exceeded, and a Custom House registry of the vessel 
must also be sent as soon as possible. Vessels selected to compete 
for this'Cup must proceed under sail on their own bottoms to the port 
where the contest is to take place. Centerboard or sliding keel vessels 
shall always be allowed to compete in any race for this Cup, and no 
restriction nor limitation whatever shall be placed upon the use . of 
such centerboard or sliding keel, nor shall the centerboard or sliding 
keel be considered a part of the vessel for any purposes of measure- 
ment. 
6. The club challenging for the Cup and the club holding the same 
may, by mutual consent, make any arrangement satisfactory to both 
as to the dates, courses, number of trials, rules and sailing regulations 
and any and all other conditions of the match, in which case also the 
ten months' notice might be waived. 
7. In case the parties cannot mutually agree upon the terms of a 
match, then three races sha'l be sailed and the winner of two of such 
races shall be entitled to the cup. All such races shall be on ocean 
courses, free from headlands, as follows: The first race, twenty 
nautical miles to windward and return; the second race an equilateral 
triangular race of thirty-nine nautical miles, the first side of which 
shall be a beat to windward; the third race (if necessary), twenty 
nautical miles to windward and return; and one week day shall inter- 
vene between the conclusion of one race and the starting of the next 
race. Those ocean courses shall be practicable in all parts for vessels 
of 22ft. draught of water and shall be selected by the club holding the 
up; and those races shall be sailed subject to its rules and sailing 
regulations so far as the same do not conflict with the provisions of 
the deed of gift, but without any time allowance whatever. 
8. The challenged club shall not be required to name its representa- 
tive vessel until at the time agreed upon for the start, but the vessel 
when named must compete in all the races, and each of such races 
must be completed within seven hours. Should the club holding the 
cup be for any cause dissolved the cup shall be transferred to some 
club of the same nationality, eligible to challenge under this deed of 
gift, in trust and subject to its provisions, In the event of the failure 
of such transfer within three months after such dissolution said cup 
shall revert to the preceding club holding the same and under the 
terms of this deed of gift. It is distinctly understood that the cup is 
to be the property of the club subject to the provisions of this deed, 
and not the property of the owner or owners of any vessel winning in 
a match. 
9. No vessel which has been defeated in a match for the cup can be 
again selected by any club as its representative until after a contest 
for it by some other vessel has intervened, or until after the expira- 
tion of two years from the time of such defeat. And when a challenge 
from a club fulfilling all the conditions required by this instrument 
has been received no other challenge can be considered until the pend- 
ing event baB been decided. 
10. And the said party of the second part hereby accepts the said 
cup subject to the said trust, terms and conditions, and hereby coven- 
ants and agrees to and with said party of the first part that it will 
faithfully and fully see that the foregoing conditions are fully 
observed and complied with by any contestant for the said cup dur- 
ing the holding thereof by it, and that it will assign, transfer and 
deliver the said cup to the foreign yacht club whose representative 
yacht shall have won the same in accordance with the foregoing 
terms and conditions, provided the said foreign club shall by instru- 
ment in writing lawfully executed enter with said party of the second 
part into the like covenants as are herein entered into by it, such 
instrument to contain a like provision for the successive assignees to 
enter into the same covenants with their respective assignors, and to 
be executed in duplicate, one to be retained by each club, and a copy 
thereof to be forwarded to the said party of the second part. 
11. In witness whereof the said party of the first part has hereunto 
set his hand and seal, and the said party of the second part has 
caused its corporate seal to be affixed to these presents, and the same 
to be signed by its commodore and attested by its secretary the day 
and year first above written. 
Gbohge L Schuyler. 
In the presence of The New York. Yacht Club, 
H. D. Hamilton. by Elbridge T. Gerry, Commodore. 
[Seal of N. Y. Y. C] John T. Bird, Secretary. 
The Mutual Agreement Clause. 
The Field of Dec. 15 discusses the new interpretation of the mutual 
agreement clause as follows, its views being identical with our own: 
The New York Y. C. appear to be convinced that by straining the 
powers conferred under the "mutual agreement clause,' 1 and"con- 
ceding "fair terms" to the challenger for the America Cup races, 
they get over all the objections to the "new deed of gift." It is. how- 
ever, now patent that they have put a wrong estimate on the situa- 
tion. We have already said that it would be safe to accept the "new 
deed" with the broad and liberal interpretation of the New York Y.C. 
as to what is allowable under the mutual agreement clause attached 
to it. and we believe Lord Dunraven is of the same opinion 
but he cannot be answerable for the Royal Yacht Squad- 
ron. In 1889 the Royal Yacht Squadron decided they would 
not indorse a challenge under the "new deed" because it 
imposes the unfair conditions on the challenger of revealing 
the leading dimensions and elements of his vessel ten months 
before the matches are to be sailed, thus giving the holder of 
the Cup the opportunity of "outbuilding" the challenging yacht, The 
New York Y. C. says that under the "mutual agreement clause" this 
revelation need not be made; in fact, the club Beeepted Valkyrie's 
challenge last year on length of waterline alone. But tnis was clearly 
outside the deed, which demands as a preliminary that ten months 
before the date of the matches the "length on load waterline, beam at 
load waterline, and extreme beam and draught of water, which 
dimensions shall not be exceeded, and a Custom House registry of 
the vessel must also be sent as soon as possible." The only thing 
the "mutual agreement clause" excepts in this preposterous demand 
is the ten months' notice, although the Americans are so thoroughly 
ashamed of the "dimensions clause" that they now interpret the 
mutual agreement clause to mean the challenger and holder of the 
Cup can make whatever terms they like outside the deed itself. 
Some More Plain Facts. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In mp opinion the plainest and baldest statements ought now to be 
made as regards the negotiations for the proposed races for the 
America's Cup. I beg to indorse your statements of "plain facts" 
and to add a few others to show that John Bull before accepting the 
invitation of the N. Y. Y. C. to challenge, which resulted in the Val- 
kyrie-Vigilant contests, assured himself of one fact, to wit, that if he 
accepted the invitation and followed the prescribed course he com- 
plied letter for letter with the terms of the first deed of gift. 
1. His club was of approved standing. 
2. He, though his club gave six months 1 notice, "named his vessel, 
giving her waterline length and following that with her custom house 
measurement," 
3. He entered into a mutual agreement, 
4. He did no more. 
5. He did not agree to sign a receipt according to the deed of 1887. 
6. He did not intend to sign one. r 
7. If he had won the series he would have claimed possession of the 
Cup on the grounds of the illegality of the second and third deeds and 
he might have pressed his claims if necessary in the United States 
courts. 
8. He now wants to repeat his former method of procedure and 
says he will cross the bridge when he comes to it, but will not agree 
to meet a contingency after a set form. 
9. He is consistent, the N. Y. Y. C. is not. 
Considering that the Cup committee has a due appreciation of these 
facts, is not one entitled to reasonably conclude that this committee 
is shirking its responsibility and concealing the true point at issue? I 
have always believed that right-minded people interested in a 
righteous cause would defend such a cause at any time and in any 
place. 
Gentlemen of the New York Y. C. meet the issue like men; accept 
the challenge; defeat John Bull on the water, and if you fail in this, 
give him the chance to prove your wrong and to place that cup where 
it belongs under the conditions of the original deed of gift or offer to 
arbitrate with John Bull and prove the legality of the instrument If 
you dare. Spam, 
A New "Song of the Cup." 
"Songs of the Cup" are no novelty to yachtsmen, even lesser poets 
than Commodore "Nick" Kane have sought to do full justice to such 
an inspiring theme; but all of them, including the renowned Commo- 
dore, give way to the sweet singer who lays claim to the authorship of 
the following touching verses. They come tn us from a friend, who 
writes: "Knowing you to possess a pretty taste in sea songs, I take 
this opportunity to add another to your collection. The writer, an 
aged widow, hawks it from door to door, like an ancient troubadour; 
and it is needless to add that in me she found an easy victim. All my 
latent patriotism flamed forth at the sight of her stirring stanzas, and 
that yachtsmen must indeed be inoculated with the fell virus of An- 
glomania who would seek to controvert the statement so manifestly 
veracious as that wherein she claims that 'the Vigilant did not waltz 
or prance.' I send you this in the hope that it will make you a better 
man; and I venture to predict that an occasional perusal of it would 
greatly modify many of the views which you now erroneously hold." 
Commemorative, of the International Yacht Race between Vigilant 
and Valkyrie. 
BY MRS. R. W. ODLUM. 
Over the water with swan-like grace 
The Vigilant swept and won the race, 
And the sparkling ocean spray 
Cheered and lighted her homeward way. 
Valkyrie, how could you hope to win, 
Knowing Columbia the helm would spin, 
Did you deem her eagle wing 
No longer victory could bring? 
Even when she in her cradle lay 
Did she not wield her potent sway, 
And with her young untutored hand 
Waive British rule from off the land? 
Propitious winds made the Valkyrie waltz, 
But like the world, winds are false, 
Creatine high waves of hope that fall and rise 
Just as they seem to reach the skies, 
The Vigilant did not waltz or prance, 
Yet she was the belle of the ocean dance, 
And a favored pet of the stormy gale. 
For life seemed to thrill her every sail. 
Proud and majestic in her speed 
Fairly she won the race indeed. 
In good faith invites Valkyrie to sup 
A farewell draught from the Silver Cup, 
Even the official indorsement of the chairman of the America's Cup 
committee could add nothing to the truth, the force and the beauty 
of this gem of patriotic poesy. 
Girth as a Factor of Measurement. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
The Cup challenge and the Cup races never fix the interest of the 
public in England as they do in America. At the present moment 
English yachtsmen are all agog about the rating rule, some wanting 
this, some that, and very few agreeing on what is wanted. A small 
but a very noisy section is now screaming for girth to be introduced 
as a tax into the rating formula, but the results of taxing G in France 
are not encouraging, and I think many English yachtsmen object to 
draft being taxed, either directly or indirectly. 
In large yachts draft is limited by practical considerations con- 
nected with rocks and sand banks— and in the small classes draft giv°s 
latent grip and seaworthiness. Moreover, draft being a combination 
of immersed hull depth and of keel below hull, it seems wrong to tax 
the whole, a part being hull depth, which experts are wishing to 
encourage by means of a premium. 
The resulting development of a girth rule will in all probability be a 
long, herring-gutted beast of a boat, of a more objectionable type 
than the rafts-cum-bulb-keels, a few of which now exist in these 
waters. 
Our 20-raters had a girth in 1892 (measured & la Fraucais) which 
approached 38ft.. and this girth has been increased in more recent 
boats in this class. Nevertheless, if the Rule — , say 
R = (L-j-G-f- ^Xconstant (I), 
were to be adopted or even the French Rule — , 
R=(4L-G) G+'SXconstant (IT), 
the present fleet wculd have no chance against new boats built spe- 
cially with a view to keep down the length of G— perhaps to 33 or 
32ft. in the 20-rating class. Thus: 
S. by H. S. by Seawan 
No. 
L. 
G. 
S. by I. 
(French). 
S. by Y.R.A. 
haka. 
1 
42 
32 
2714 
3240 • 
2858 
3025 
2 
44 
32 
2510 
2900 
2728 
2809 
3 
46 
32 
2314 
2600 
2600 
2601 
4 
48 
32 
2125 
2304 
2500 
2401 
5 
42 
36 
2314 
2730 
2858 
3025 
6 
'44 
36 
2125 
2420 
2728 
2809 
7 
46 
36 
1945 
2170 
2600 
2601 
8 
48 
36 
1772 
1951 
2500 
2401 
Our 20-raters at present time are about 46ft. l.w.l. and carry about 
2,600sq, ft. of sail; girth, as before stated, being 38 and over. This 
fleet would be wrecked by any rule which taxed G. L and S. And so 
with the other classes. • That assa. 
The R, Y. Si and the Cup Committee. 
On the receipt in London of the cable sent by the Cup committee on 
Dec. 17, published in our last issue, Lord Dunraven was interviewed, 
and two statements from him were cabled to New York. According 
to them, he was much dissatisfied with the proposal to race in Novem- 
ber, and proposed to challenge for some other prize, the races to be 
sailed off New York in September. On Dec. 19 the following cable 
was received from Secretary Grant: 
London, Eng., Dec. 19.— Smith, Yacht Club, Neio York: Cable 17th 
received. Middle of November considered much too late, bu<; Dun- 
raven will race September or within three weeks of arrival. If this is 
accepted question of receipt will be referred to special meeting earliest 
opportunity. 
If rejected special meeting is unnecessary Guarantee that Squadron 
would not demand Cup failing question of receipt intended; identical 
Dunraven's proposal 24th June, '89. Please cable acceptance or re- 
fusal. (Signed) Gkant, Cowes. 
A meeting of the committee was held on Dec. 20, at which the fol- 
lowing cable was framed, being cabled immediately: 
Grant, Secretary, Cowes, Isle of Wight: 
Will fix first race eight months from receipt of advice from Royal 
Yacht Squadron that terms of our cable 17th are officially agreed to, 
and Dunraven's request for three weeks to fit out after arrival is 
granted. (Signed) Smith, Chairman. 
The following reply was received: 
Cowes, Dec. 22.— Smith, Yacht Club, New York: Thanks for your 
cable. Special meeting fixed for Jan. 7. Grant. 
MODEL YACHTING. 
American Model Yacht Club. 
The American Model Yacht Club, in pursuance of a vote taken at 
the regular December meeting, has inaugurated a series of club talks 
on the designing and construction of yachts with especial reference 
to sailing models. The first lecture was delivered at the Liberty, 227 
Fulton street, Brooklyn, on Friday evening, Dec. 14, by Mr. Frank 
Nichols, the measurer of the club. The attendance was large and 
much enthusiasm was manifested. 
The subject matter of the lecture included the preliminary work 
incident to laying down the model on paper, and was very fully 
treated by the lecturer, who has the faculty of making the subject 
plainly understood by his hearers. These talks will be continued at 
intervals throughout the winter, the next lecture being given at the 
same place on Friday, Dec. 21, 
The course when completed will include the designing and construc- 
tion of both yachts and models, together with the various calculations 
necessary to a scientific investigation and understanding of the prin- 
ciples involved. The services of a number of gentlemen well versed 
in the subject have been secured to further Mr. Nichols's lectures, and 
they will appear later in the course. 
Model Yacht Glue and Rudders. 
• Brooklyn, Deo. 20. — Editor Forest and Stream: In this week's 
issue of your paper I notice an inquiry from a model yachtsman 
about the glue in constructing a model yacht on the bread and butter 
plan. I use the best French glue and have never had a boat open her 
seams or come apart when othsr directions in my article on building 
have been followed strictly, which evidently the writer had not done 
or his boats would have been all right. The first and principal con- 
sideration is to have every piece or section in the hull cut from the 
same plank so as to have them of the same growth of wood, as no 
two planks or boards taken from different Trees will shrink alike; and 
if they don't there is a drawing or sliding pull on the joints which will 
eventually break the best glued joint that can be made. The sections 
should also be warmed until they are as hot as can be handled before 
putting on the glue, and then when clamped together, the glue is 
forced right into the grain of the wood to some extent, thus insuring 
a perfect joint. 
The second point is to paint the inside of the hull well before put- 
ting on the deck, as some water will get inside of a boat, and it does 
more damage there than that which is outside; I generally give mine 
three coats of white lead paint darkened to about a gray color with 
lampblack. When thoroughly dry this is impervious to water. 
I have two boats, one five and the other six years old, made in this 
manner and it is impossible to tell where the joints are. 
His lead rudders that he describes could not be used in sailing races 
under the rules of the American Model Y. C, as the change from the 
light to a heavier one would necessarily change the length on l.w.l. 
and it could not be said "where he was at." We use a wooden rudder 
hung the same as on large yachts, with the exception that the tiller 
projects aft instead of forward and is operated by an extra sheet 
attached to the boom of the mainsail, so the l.w.l. always remains 
the same, and her ballast and trim are always the same. In sailing 
close hauled the rudder is not used at all. Herbert Fisher. 
mating. 
A New Improvement in Tents. 
The improvement here described is the invention of Mr. J. J. Rinn, 
of New York, and has been recently patented: 
The improvement consists of an easy and quick method of opening 
and closing the entrance flaps of a tent; by this method they may be 
opened or closed as quickly as a house door, and when closed are as 
tight, and may be as readily bolted on the inside or locked on the 
outside. The methods employed are very simple, yet so entirely 
different from those now in use, that it may be said to be a complete 
revolution in the manner of opening, closing and fastening; and in con- 
nection therewith is an improved method of ventilation. 
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the tent showing the right hand, or flap 
E, open and the ventilating flaps over the entrance closed. 
Fig. 2 is the same elevation, showing the strips in the flaps dis- 
connected from the universal points and thrown open to their fullest 
extent, and the ventilating flaps over the door raised. 
Fig. 5 shows the method of fastening the inner flap D to the tent 
pole when no strip is used in that side. 
The arrangement is as follows: The inner, or left hand, flap is 
fastened to the vertical tent pole by wrapping around and fastening 
with hooks and rings, as shown in Fig. 5, or to the side of the pole 
when a rigid strip is used. 
The outer or right hand flap, which is commonly used as an entrance 
flap, has the vertical edge turned in and sewed, forming a wide hem 
or pocket, into which is fitted a light strip of wood, the upper end of 
which is connected to the tent pole by a universal joint, from which it 
may readily be detached; and the canvas of the tent is slitted hori- 
zontally at this point, so that when the joint is disconnected the flap 
may be folded back, thus making a wide opening at the top instead of 
an acute angle, as usual. The flap on the other side is arranged to 
fold back in the same manner. 
Near the lower end of the rigid strip, about the height of a door knob 
or a little less, is a latching bolt firmly secured to the strip, and to the 
tent pole at the same height is fastened an automatic latching or lock- 
ing device, adapted to engage the bolt on the strip and hold the strip 
and pole securely together when the tent is closed. To release the 
latching device a small push button in the side of the pole is pressed 
inwardly, when the bolt is released and automatically withdrawn by a 
spring. When the tent is closed, a person on the inside can press a 
button on the back of the pole, which renders the latching device in- 
operative from the outside, so that none can enter. 
There is also an arrangement of a mosquito or fly screen whereby 
those pests can be kept out as well as can be done in a house. 
Over the entrance are two triangular flaps which extend below the 
slits in the main flaps and cover them to exclude wind and rain. When 
the front is closed those flaps may be raised, making an opening of 
considerable size over the door that may be used as a ventilator. One 
pull on a cord opens or closes both of these flaps as may be desired 
and can be operated from the inside or outside as one may wish. In 
Figs, it is shown on the outside. 
When the tent is to be rolled up for transportation the rigid strips 
are readily withdrawn from the pockets and latched to the tent pole 
as when the tent is closed, being thus securely fastened. 
Several civil engineers, army officers and officers of the national 
guard have examined this improvement and all speak very favorably 
of it. 
The inventor has had several years' experience in the use of tents 
while surveying and railroad building in the West and is very familiar 
with what is required of them under the most trying conditions. 
Canoe Racing. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In order to restore canoe racing to a satisfactory condition it is 
necessary first of all for all concerned to see and to admit that it must 
not be a building competition. Canoe racing must be looked upon as 
being Ideally a game of sport in which the competitors use all the 
same identical apparatus without any power of altering the same. 
They compete only in their skill in using the apparatus. This is what 
is done in all other games and sports. 
What would become of any game such as cricket if each player 
were allowed to use as wide a bat as he please; and if the opposing 
sides were allowed to follow their own ideas as to the Size of the ball, 
stumps, etc.? The game would cease to exist. And canoe racing 
as a pastime cannot exist under similar conditions. 
The most ideal canoe racing would be that in which all the boats 
were absolutely identical in build. It would then become what it 
should be, a pure trial of skill in handling the boat, and also in design- 
ing the rig, which is a legitimate part of the sallorman's craft, though 
building the hull is not. 
I would also abolish those unshipshape devices which have arisen 
from the late sailing machine competitions, viz , the sliding seat and 
the very limited well. 
A canoe Is primarily intended for cruising, hunting, etc., and no 
canoe should be recognized unless it is really an open one, suited for 
practical purposes, with decks at the ends or sides only so far as is 
usual for ordinary purposes. 
Since tastes differ, of course the ideal condition of one fixed model 
for all cannot be expected, but it is always good to see the ideal and 
then try how near one can come to it. 
How do canoeists in generaTaccept the definitions I have tried to 
lay down as some basis for action? 
