90 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
Feb. 2, 1805. 
Angling- With a Bulldog-. 
Editor Forest and Stream: la the last issue of Forest and 
Stream my very good friend/'O. O. S." manifests a decided in- 
clination to reflect upon BilJy 's story about catching salmon with 
a club and a, bulldog. When 1 say Billy's story, 1 do not wish 
to be understood as "hedgiug," and if Brother Smith feels dis- 
posed to hold me responsible for the yarn, why, I suppose I will 
have to shoulder the responsibility and accept the burden of 
proof; for a friend is not much of a friend when he deserts a 
fellow iu deep water. Brother Smith knows how devotedly I 
have stood by him through all these years about that cougar 
story of his, and I will stay by him closer than the old she- 
cougar did, even until tbe end; and Billy has always been a 
faithful friend to me, and I shall proudly back up his story 
about the bulldog until he himself weakens, gj \ 
And 1 want to tell Brother Smith right now that Billy is no 
"spring chicken," and is not likely to weaken about the truth 
of any of his stories. The story' is undoubtedlly true, and none 
of us old mossbacks ever thought of doubtiug it. If Brother 
Smith thi iks that it is a pretty tough story, he- only manifests 
his ignorance of the wonderful resources of this wonderful 
country. Why, I can find him a dozen or more old Oregonians 
that will gladly give Billy cards and spades in talking about 
salmon. I myself feel as "if I could say something when you be- 
gin to talk about chinook salmon. Yes, I have gone in among 
them on the riffles in spawning time and thrown great big fel- 
lows ashore just for tho fun of it, and then returned them to tbe 
water, and my teeth are not half as well developed as are 
Billy's bulldog's. Now I am not disposed to assume anymore 
responsibilities in this matter, but I wish that my friend Smith 
could hear a gang of "old settlers," regular old webfootars, talk 
about salmon for a while. He would never again think of ques- 
tioning so simple a story as Billy's bulldog story. Knowing 
Billy as I do, I am only surprised that he let the boys down as 
easy as he did. There is nothing about the storv that is at all 
unlikely. What would Brother Smith think of salmon crowd- 
ing a stream during spawning time so that you could not drive 
a team and wagon through; frightening the horses by running 
against their legs and crowding between the spokes so that the 
wheels could nob be turned. And yet no old Oregonian would 
think of doubting the story. As a matter of fact, Eastern people 
can have no conception of the myriads upon myriads of salmon 
that thronged the streams of Oregon aud Washington in the early 
days, and the man that undertakes to tell of it takes great 
chances if he has any respect for his reputation for truth and 
veracity. Of course, the salmon are not so plentiful now as in 
years gone by, but I myself have seeu them so thick below the 
Falls of the Willamette during the running season that, by lying 
down and looking across the surface of the water one could 
see only a living mass of leaping salmon, thousands upon thou- 
sands of them. As Brother Smith well says: "That great W est 
is a terror of a country," and nobody ought to know it Detter 
than he, if my recollection serves me right. 
S. H. GREENE. 
" Portland, Oregon 
California Fishculture. 
With an area twelve times as great as Massachusetts, the 
State of California appropriates very little more than the former 
for tbe protection and propagation of fish and game. Its grant 
is only $17,500, of which $7,500 was for the support of three 
hatcheries, located at Sisson, Olema and Tahoe City, besides 
several temporary stations. 
The Sisson establishment received 27,000 eggs of Eastern brook 
trout from the Nevada Fish Commission, February 1, 1893, and 
planted the fry in Castle Lake, Shovel Creek and the head- 
waters of the Sacramento. These waters contain rainbow trout, 
and it remains to be seen whether that spring spawning fish will 
destroy the smaller brook trout, which spawns in the fall. The 
Dolly Varden will also figure in the struggle for the survival of 
the fittest, making the game at least a triangular one, to say 
nothing of the various little acres of rainbow and steel-head 
which are making life a burden to zoologists, as well as to the 
small fry. 
The brook trout hatched at Sisson were supplemented by a 
much larger number, 226,000, obtained from Marie tte Lake, 
Nevada, aud d3veloped at the Bear Valley hatchery at Olema, 
iu 1893. The same establishment distributed 181,000 brook trout 
fry in 1894, while from Sisson 85,000 were planted in the latter 
year. The species has been widely distributed over the State, 
and if it thrives as well as in Nevada and Colorado, Californians 
will soon have superb fly-fishing. 
It is surprisiug to note the growth and multiplication of East- 
ern fontinalis in Colorado. From two stocked lakes visited by 
Mr. H. D. Dean, from Leadville, for the United States Fish 
Commission, more than one milium eggs of that fish were taken 
during October aud November, 1894. Even in Jefferson Lake, 
at an elevation of 11,000 feet, the brook trout grows and increases 
rapidly. 2 
, The work of the California Commission during 1893 and 1894 
can best be shown by the summary which follows. The salmon 
were furnished by the United States Fish Commission. 
yiSK DISTRIBUTED CALCFORNIA. 
1893. 1894. 
Quinnat salmon 2,554,450 7,776,400 
Brook trout (fontinalis) 251,500 266,000 
Rainbow trout 754,000 1,080,240 
Red throat trout 106,000 2,983,950 
Black bass 155 9,350 
Muskellunge 93,000 
Total 3, 759, 105 ' ±2, 115, 94o 
The young black bass distributed in 1894 were taken iu Russian 
River. The Commission has a good word to say lor the intro- 
duced catfish, and even for the carp, which has proved of the 
greatest value as a food for the striped bass, another immigrant 
from the East, and more esteemed than any other. The shad 
also coutinues to multiply so that the dealers have been com- 
pelled to limit the fishermen's catch in order to avoid a continual 
glut in the market. 
The report from which these notes are drawn is nicely illus- 
trated by pictures of the Sisson hatchery, the shad, striped bass, 
golden trout, muskellunge, "/wall-eyad pike, the black basses, 
lobster and spring lobster, and is supplemented by an article on 
Salmon and Trout of the Pacific Coast by Dr. David S. Jordan, 
which also contains numerous illustrations. The adult male 
rainbow trout facing page 137 represents a fish artificially 
reared at Verona, Missouri. 
^ California is to be congratulated upon the growth of public 
sentiment in favor of fish and game protection and the vigorous 
enforcement of close seasons by its officers. It is that alone 
which makes the artificial hatching of quinnat salmon and 
other valuable' ashes possible. T. H. B. 
extended that to-day there are seven regular hatching stations 
each with a superintendent, aud in addition thereto a station 
for hatching muscalonge at Chautaqua Lake, a station for 
hatching pike at Oneida Lpke, a station for hatching white fish 
aud ciscoos at Alexandria Bay, and a station for hatching shad 
on the Hudson River. And, 
"Whereas, The old system inaugurated when there were but 
four hatcherips is plainly inadequate to meet the requirements 
of the present situation. Therefore, 
"Be it Resolved, That a General Superintendent of Hatcheries 
be appointed who shall have full charge of the hatching and dis- 
tribution of fry for the Commissioners of Fisheries. And, 
"Be it Further Resolved, That James Anuin, Jr., of Cale- 
donia, Livingston County, N. Y., be and he hereby is appointed 
General Superintendent of Hatcheries, for the Commission of 
Fisheries, at an anuual compensation of $2,500, payable in 
equal monthly installments, together with his actual travelling 
and incidental expenses." 
Mr. Annin, Jr., is the well-known proprietor of the Caledonia 
and Randolph trout ponds. He is the only man in the State 
who has made a business success of hatching fish fry for sale. 
Mr. Annin was strongly indorsed for his position by Hon. 
Eugene G, Blackford, for many years President of the Fish 
Commission, by Frank J. Amsdeh, of Rochester, President of 
the State Association for the Protection of Fish and Game, by 
AVilliani Hamilton, of Caledonia, by Senator Parsons, of Roch- 
ester, and many others throughout the State. Mr. Annin has 
been engaged by the United States Fish Commission as an expert 
to pack eggs for foreign shipment, and received a diploma for 
his exhibit at the Berlin Exposition in 1880. He began his iish 
hatching work in 1870, and has had twenty-four years' experi- 
ence. Jfi. P. DOYLE, Secretary. 
An Adirondack Game Police. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
My notion of a game police for the Adirondacks is briefly this: 
J. here should he an Adirondack police to have powers for the en- 
forcement of all laws, but with special reference to the forestry 
S s :u Wlt ' th& preservation of game, the protection of timber 
and the prevention of fires. At present these various duties are 
dvided, very much as if in Mew-York we should have separate 
establishments for the prevention of larceny, and murder, and 
street incumbrances. Such a police should have a responsible 
single head who should have not merely a nominal but a real su- 
pervision over the whole Adirondack region; so that if the law 
were habitually violated in any district he would know it promptly 
and could send men there. The men to he employed should not. I 
think, be residents of the Adirondack region, or at anv rate should 
not be residents of the particular district in which they are to act, 
although they ought to be familiar with game and with timber. 
It residents are employed they are apt to use their power chiefly to 
spare their friends a,nd oppress their enemies. A single police for 
all classes of offenses would not. only result in great economy, as 
far as time and money employed in traveling around went, hut 
would often find the same persons violating more than one stat- 
ute. A timber thief is very apt to be a game thief as well. 
I am not sufficiently acquainted with the conditions in other 
parts of the State to know whether the Adirondack region could 
he best treated separately or in conjunction with the rest of the 
teriritory, but I see no reason why such a system as I propose 
could not be applied at least to all regions where the State, has 
forest lands, and it could certainly work in co-operation with, or 
subordination to any central authority- to which the State might 
commit the general enforcement of the game laws. 
HERBERT M. LLOYD. 
Michigan Fish and Game Interests. 
Editor Forest, and Stream: 
I send you copy of extracts from my monthly reports as trans- 
mitted to the Secretary of State. Chas. S. Hampton, Game and 
Fish Warden. 
New York Hatchery Superintendent. 
Albany, N. Y., Jan. 25. — Editor Forest and Stream: At a 
meeting of the Commissiouers of Fisheries held at their office iu 
the Capitol to-day, the following preamble and resolutions were 
unanimously adopted: 
"Whereas, At a time when but four hatcheries were operated 
by the Commissioners of Fisheries, a system was adopted of bav- 
ing?a superintendent for each hatchery, wdth a Commissioner 
of Fisheries in charge. And, 
"Whereas, The operations of the Commission have become so 
Until last year the law forbidding the export of game was a 
dead letter, hunters from other states taking hundreds of deer 
home with them packed in baggage. This year by securing the 
co-operation of transportation companies and arranging for a sys- 
tematic watch of all trains leaving the deer region, and a search 
of all suspected baggage, freight and express, the export of veni- 
son by hunters has been almost entirely broken up. The arrest 
and conviction of so many who attempted to violate the law. and 
the seizure of tons of venison, deterred scores of outside hunters 
who have been in the habit of disregarding the law, and saved 
hundreds of deer for the use of our own citizens. About a thou- 
sand pieces of baggage were searched bv the state warden and his 
assistants, and great credit is due to all the county and deputy 
wardens for their careful and efficient work in preventing the ex 
port of game, even when shipped to some point near the border, to 
be secretly conveyed across the line. The papers speak of the cold 
storage warehouses of Chicago being filled with thousands of deer 
from Wisconsin and Minnesota. But thanks to the efforts of my 
assistants, and to the public spirited friends of game protection 
who gave us hints and information, the markets of the Union are 
not supplied with Michigan game. 
The law against the use of dogs in hunting deer was more gen- 
erally observed this year than it has ever been before, but in some 
counties, particularly in the northeastern part of this peninsula 
there were numerous violations. From the very nature of things 
it is a most difficult matter to secure sufficient evidence to secure 
a conviction for putting dogs upon deer trac ks, and the law should 
be amended so as to make It more easy of enforcement. Jf dogs 
were used only by men possessed with the true instincts of the 
sportsman it might do to permit their use. But in most cases they 
arc simply used to drive the deer out of the swamps and bring 
them within the range of guns in the hands of pot hunters who 
would sooner kill a deer swimmhig in the water than in any 
other way. I visited one camp on Hunt's Creek, Montmorency 
county, where fifty-three deer were killed within a circle of 
five miles the first two weeks of the season. Outside hunters 
to the number of about twenty were camped with a resident 
who had a number of dogs. The owner of the dogs and his 
hired man would take the dogs info the swamp and unseen by any 
one put them on the track of the deer, and the men who presuma- 
bly paid for the privilege, although there was no way to prove it, 
surrounded the swamp, making escape impossible. And, strange 
to say, the sympathy of the community seemed to be with the men 
who were responsible for this ruthless slaughter. 
In accordance with former custom I present with this report for 
the last. month in the. last year of my four years of service as 
fl'ime and Fish Warden of Michigan, suggestions for the consid- 
eration of the Legislature and my successor in office, together with 
information tor the general public. In this connection I wish to 
express my hearty appreciation of the assistance I have received 
in the discharge, of the duties of this office. As a rule the county 
wardens have been much more active and faithful iu the dis- 
cbarge of their duties than could be expected, the compensation 
of all being small, and iu most cases nothing at all. The deputy 
wardens have been faithful and reliable, and have almost invari- 
ably shown good Judgment in the discharge of their difficult 
duties. Among those to whom I am most, indebted I cannot for- 
bear mentioning Deputies F. O. Mayotte, Chas. E. Brewster. Lean- 
der Rivard and Jason E. Nichols. Great assistance has also been 
received from officers and members of fish and game clubs and 
from hundreds of private citizens all over the stare who realize 
the necessity of restricting the destruction of game and fish. The 
transportation companies have shown their appreciation of the 
efforts of the wardens to save them from unnecessary annoyance 
and expense, and by yielding a cheerful obedience to the law and 
exacting a rigid compliance on the part of their employees have 
done a great deal to put a stop to violations. The increasing pub- 
lic sentiment in favor of the game aud fish laws which has been 
mentioned in previous reports by my predecessor and myself is 
constantly becoming more marked. It was only a few years ago 
that these laws were absolute dead letters, and no one even took 
the pains to make a pretense of observing them. Now. however, 
open violations are unknown, except m those neighborhoods 
where all laws are disregarded, and people have learned that se- 
cret violations are liable to become known, and that if reported to 
the state warden, with information as to time, place and witnesses, 
wTll be properly prosecuted. La ws of all kinds will be violated, 
but I doubt if there are any of our laws punishing misdemeanors 
which are more generally observed than are the fish and game 
laws; and it is certain that these are much better enforced. than 
the liquor laws, the Sunday laws, or other similar police regula- 
tions. 
_ Michigan has been making rapid strides in tho direction of fish 
and game protection for the last few years, and now stands ahead 
of every other state in the Union. The wonderful record of en- 
forcement this year, which has resulted in the conviction of 324 
violators, aud the collection of §3,320 in fines (not including costs) 
is one that stands unparalleled, particularly in view of the small 
cost of the enforcement in this stale, Compared with that in others, 
One great reason for our superiority is- the fact that our laws, 
imperfect as they are, are better in some respects than those of 
our sister states. This is largely due to two acts of lSttlj, one ex- 
tending the powers of the warden and his subordidates, providing 
for search and seizures, giving complete power over prosecutions, 
etc., and the other affirming state owne.rsuip of fish and game un- 
der any and all circumstances, and providing easily enforced reg- 
ulations concerning the possession, use, sale and transportation of 
fish and game. The amendments to the Game. Warden Act which 
I presented to the last legislature were bitterly opposed because 
the arbitrary power given the wardens might create serious 
trouble if injudiciously used. I am pleased to say, however, that 
there has not been a single instance of the abuse of this power, 
and in the two or three instances where innocent parties have 
been put to inconvenience or loss by mistake, they ha ve been prop- 
erly reimbursed. The wonderful results achieved this year by 
the deputy wardens with loss than two thousand dollars in all for 
salary and expenses proves the great superiority over the plan of 
paying a fixed salary. Michigan has accomplished a great deal 
more with ten men and two thousand dollars, thau a rich and 
experienced state accomplished with fifteen wardens on salaries 
of a thousand dollars each. 
M o doubt the principal reason the present warden has received 
such cordial co-operation and assistance, regardless of party 
prejudices, is because in employing deputies he considered the fit- 
ness for the work in hand, regardless of politics. There is no 
doubt but that the same policy will prevail in the future, for while 
the office of state warden is very properly considered a political 
office, the subordinate positions are of uo political consequence. 
CHANGES IN IHE GAME LAWS. 
A session of the legislature without a new game law would be 
like playing Hamlet without the melancholy Dane. There is no 
question that all our laws are changed too often, and unless there 
are good reasons it is better 10 leave the provisions with which the 
people are already familiar. There are some changes, however, 
which are absolutely necessary. Tho difference between the upper 
and lower peninsula seasons on deer and partridge leads to great 
confusion, and interferes with the law concerning sale, etc., dur- 
ing the close season. The season for pinnated grouse should be 
made to conform with other seasons. 1 do not consider it my 
province to advise what the seasons on various kinds of game 
should be, but I would caution our law makers to profit by existing 
blunders and use the same and unmistakable words in prescribing 
each season. It should also be borue in mind that it is bettor for 
our.seasons to be the same as in other states, to cut off the peripa- 
tetic, pot hunters. The experience of the upper peninsula, where 
the theory of the people that an early season for deer would pre- 
vent sniping and tnus keep away outside hunters has proved to be 
such an utter failure, should also be kept in mind by our law mak- 
ers. 
SALE OF GAME. 
Enthusiastic sportsmen are very generally in favor of prohibit- 
ing absolutely the sale of game, even in the open season. I fear 
such a law would not meetlheir expectations, in the first place it 
would he considered as legislation in the sole interests of the small 
class who have time and opportunity to kill their own game. Fish, 
aud game belong to all the people in common, and the great mass 
of the people would not cheerfully pay the expense of enforcing 
la ws for others while they could not buy a brace of their own buds, 
or a pound of their own venison. In my opinion the result would 
be to create a prejudice against the game laws that would do more 
hurt than all the good that could be accomplished by the best pos- 
sible enforcement. 
LICENSING HUNTERS AND OTHBJt RESTRICTIVE LIMITATIONS.. 
There are other means of restricting the killing of game, such as; 
forbidding the killing of female deer, restricting the number that 
each person may kill, and restricting the number that may be-, 
transported. I am of the opinion that a law licensing all hunters,, 
those of our owu state being charged a mere nominal fee, while 
non-residents are compelled to pay twenty-five dollars, is for the 
present, at least, the best restrictive measure. The decision of the 
supreme court of the United States iu McCrcady vs. Virginia (04 
U. S. 391) would seem to set at rest all doubts as to the constitu- 
tionality of such a law. Any man carrying a gun and not having 
a license in his possession, or refusing to show it to any citizen on 
demand, should be subject to penalty. The license should contain 
a description of the holder, like an enlistment blank, by which he 
could be identified and fraud prevented. Licenses should be is- 
sued yearly by the Secretary of State. Our own citizens should 
have their applications accompanied by an official certificate that 
the person described is a voter in that particular precinct, this 
entitling him to the nominal fee. The money received from non- 
residents would pay the entire cost of enforcing the law, and if (as 
in my opinion would be desirable) the non-resident holder of a 
hunter's license was permitted to take a limited amount of game 
home with bim, the law would be a benefit to the .sportsmen of 
other states, and would be popular with everybody, except those 
who would like to indulge in ruthless slaughter to supply the mar- 
kets of Chicago and New York. The license system, too, is the 
most feasible way of restricting the. number of deer shipped by 
our own citizens, if that is to be done. By requiring the surrender, 
punching or cancellation of the license, or the removal of a cou- 
pon, before game could he received as baggage, express or freight, 
all evasion of the law could be readily avoided. I therefore again 
present the license system for consideration by this legisla ture, as 
I did two years ago. 
THE t'ISH LAWS. 
The fish laws need a thorough overhauling, and the substitu- 
tion of one, or possibly two acts for the score or more of conflicting 
and inconsistent acts which now encumber our statutes. Allot 
the local acts should be repealed, and all desired variations from, 
the general provisions of the law should be included in one section 
of the general law, so that changes to suit the preferences of dif- 
ferent localities could be made by the change of a single section.. 
If it is thought best not to put all the provisions for the regulation 
of fishing in one law, I would recommend that there be hut two, 
one "An act to protect fish and regulate fishing iu the boundary 
waters of this state," and tho other "An act to protect fish and 
regulate fishing in the inland waters of the state." 
[GAME STATISTICS AND ESTIMATES. 
" There has always been a great diversity of opinion as to the in- 
crease and amount of game, find the state warden has received 
many inquiries upon these matters. In order to secure informa- 
tion which could safely be made the. basis of estimates, I have sent 
out hundreds of reply postal cards during the. month of December, 
containing blanks for answers to printed questions as to the in- 
crease of game in genera), the increase of deer, the number of deer 
shot that could actually be counted up, the number actually 
shipped from that particular place, an estimate of tbe number of 
defer killed in the county, and the probable number of men from 
other states who hunted in the county this fall. These inquiries 
were sent to every county in the upper peninsula, and to all the 
counties in tho lower peninsula north of Montcalm, Gratiot and 
Saginaw. They were sent to all county wardens, and to every edi- 
tor and station agent in each county, and to a large number of 
postmasters. While the replies cannot be expected to be anything 
more than approximately accurate, they nevertheless furnish the 
best basis for estimates concerning the game of Michigan that has 
ever been obtained, and the results of this first attempt to secure 
systematic information are so interesting and valuable that it is to 
be hoped that next year tho warden will arrange to secure more 
extended and carefully prepared information, and give notice in 
advance that it will be called for. 
The replies received this month have been tabulated and placed 
on file with the other records of this office. It is gratifying to see 
the number of informants who state that game is increasing in 
their vicinity, particularly deer. Many informants state that the 
increase "has been noticed the last year or two," "seems to be 
lately," etc. Such replies arc so general in regions where there 
has been an awakened public sentiment and a more rigid enforce- 
ment of the law, that they furnish conclusive proof of the value of 
game laws properly enforced. There are only two counties in the 
upper peninsula from which any considerable number of replies 
were received reporting Jdeer increasing, and even in these, Goge- 
bic and Mackinaw, it is quite probable that the increase was due 
to the animals having been driven in from some other vicinity. 
But in nineteen of the northern counties of the lower peninsula 
the great majority of my informants state that deer lare now be- 
coming more plenty, notwithstanding the armies of hunters in the 
woods. This is certainly ^most gratifying information ;to every 
citizen of Michigan, and i£ indicates that by wisely checking the 
