May 11, 1895.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
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LARCHMONT Y. C. NEW COURSES. 
The New Larchmont Courses. 
The configuration of the west end of Long Island Sound, with a 
hreddth of but three miles between Larchmont Harbor and Sands 
Point, on tbe opposite or Long Island shore, makes it a difficult mat- 
ter to lay out satisfactory racing courses. The old courses of the 
Larchmont Y. C., sailed for over a dozen years, from the harbor 
» round a markboat in Hempstead Bay, 3 miles, then to Captain's 
Island or Stamford Light and return by way of Hempstead, were all 
very well a few years since for the mixed fleets ; but as class racing 
has increased, it has become very evident that they were poorly cal- 
culated to test the yachts, while it was impossible for a spectator to 
obtain a view of more than a small portion of a race. Within the past 
winter, in connection with other improvements in the details of racing 
the club has taken up the question of courses and dealt with it very 
thoroughly, and in a way that promises good results both to the racing 
men and the spectators. The long L courses, sailed but once, have 
been entirely abandoned, being replaced by a syBtem of short trian- 
gular courses, to be sailed twice over, with a proviso for calling the 
race at the end of the first round at the discretion of the regatta com- 
mittee. 
The starting and finishing line will be off the mouth of Larchmont 
Harbor, where two stakeboats will be moored, as usual, the regatta 
committee's tug lying beside one of them. The courses are: 
Course 1.— First leg, E.%N. 6 miles; second leg, S.W.%W. 6 miles; 
third leg. N.N W. 3 miles; total, 15 miles. 
Course 3.— The same triangle sailed in reverse direction. 
Courses —First leg, E 4 miles; second leg, S.W 4 miles; third leg, 
N.N.W. 3 milps; total, 11 miles. 
Course 4. — The same reversed. 
Course 5 —First leg, E.N.E. 3 miles; second leg, S. 3% miles; third 
leg, N.W. Z% miles; total, 10M miles. 
Course 6 —The same reversed. 
Course 7.— First leg, E. Smiles; second leg, S.W. 2 miles; third leg, 
N.N.W. 1}4 miles; total, miles. 
Course 8.— The same reversed. 
Course 9.— First leg, E N.E ME. 1% miles; second leg, S. J^E. i% 
miles; third leg, N.W. 2 miles; total, 5*4 miles. 
Course 10, — The same reversed. 
The courses and bearings are magnetic and the distances in nautical 
ir>iles. White spar buoys have been laid down permanently off Pros- 
pect Point and ReJ Springs Point, in Hempstead Harbor, and off Par- 
sonage Point on Rye Neck, and the red spar buoy on the Scotch Caps 
will also be used as a mark of the course. Two rectangular scows 
have been built for the club by Thomas Webber, at New Rochelle, and 
will be used for marks, each carrying a flag. 
With the old courses there was usually a reach- across to Hempstead 
of 3 miles, a run to Captain's Island, 6 miles, or Stamford. 10 miles, a 
more or less unsatisfactory beat or reach back to Hempstead, and a 
short reach home. The various classes were so separated after leav- 
ing the Hempstead mark that it was impossible to follow more than 
one, the most interesting classes often being beyond the reach of the 
spectators. With the. new triangles, there will be much better chances 
of satisfactory windward work on two of the six legs and the fleet 
will be kept together in a way that will make it easily possible to get a 
good view of t he work in all classes. We hope that the experiment 
may prove successful, and that other clubs may be induced to try it , 
The Cup Defender. 
From The Boston Globe. 
The Defender is, first of all, an out and out keel boat, with no auxil- 
iary centerboard. Sbe is something under 24 ft. beam, and is about 19 
ft. draft. Her load waterlineis between 89 and 90 ft., a little margin 
being left for any needed change in trim. Over all she is about 126 ft. 
or a little shorter than Colonia and Vigilant. Her beam is a little less 
than Colonia's 24 ft. while her draft is at least four feet more. The 
difference in ovar-ali length ia accounted for by the somewhat dif- 
ferent overhang forward, and the fact that the stern is cut off some- 
what instead of being run almost to a point. 
In looking for an improvement over Colonia, Herreshoff has made 
the changes in her model which those who have closely folio wed yacht 
designing in late years have expected he would. His new boat has a 
bit less beam, but is still not a Darrow boat, except as compared with 
the too beamy Vigilant. She has been given sufficient draft to enable 
her to hang on to windward, the quality in which Colonia was 
most, noticeably lacking. 
More draft than was needed in this direction, has, however, been 
given, and the idea in the designer's mind was clearly to secure power 
to carry a larger sail plan and yet do it on an easier form of hull th= 
either Vigilant or Colonia. The extra length aDd smaller beam of e 
Defender has given an opportunity for fining out her lines, aud it 
will no doubt be found to have been improved when the hull of the 
boat can be seen clear of shores and stagings. 
Attention has been paid to quickness in stays, both Colonia and 
Vigilant being slow in tacking; and speed in this direction has been 
gained by cutting away the keel forward and aft, by raking the stern 
post more sharply, and by rounding up of the lead keel at both ends. 
The Defender should be able to turn on her heel as quickly as any of 
the English boats. 
As to the exact shape of the midship section, depth of hull, weight 
of lead and total displacement, there is much less known, and for ob- 
vious reasons Mr. Iselin does not advance any information. The 
weight of the lead keel has been variously estimated at from 65 to 80 
tons, but as a matter of fact, no one outside those in the confidence 
of the designer knows what it really does weigh. If it weighs 65 tons 
it shows a decided decrease in displacement over Colonia. If it weighs 
80, it shows an increase, even with the light construction of tbe upper 
portion of the boat. And there you are. 
With large displacement, the boat must show a deeper and fuller 
body, but there is no doubt that the hull shows a inuoh sharper hollow 
at the garboards than previous ones, and that she more nearly 
approaches the flu keel in type than any big boat yet built. Her bilge 
is not so slack as Colonia's, Her frames run alruoet straight to the 
lead keel, which Je 35 ft, long, two feet wide on, f.pp in fj§ widest, part, 
five and one half feet deep, and bulbed to a thickness of three feet 
near the bottom. 
The outline of the keel contour and sheer plan will, when definitely 
known, undoubtedly resemble that of Valkyrie II, but the Defender is 
a. vastly different boat in design, and resemblance is due to the 
fact that Englishmen have always paid close attention to quickness in 
stays, and that a lateral plane which gives this quality comes nearer 
being common in different boats than any other. 
In .construction the Defender is a marvel of strength, lightness and 
and expense. Money has not been spared, and in smoothness of build, 
siving of w T eight in construction and clever devices for strength 
everywhere, she stands without an equal in the history of yacht 
building. 
Her keel plate, stem and sternposts are of cast bronze, and her 
frames and floors are of steel. Her plating below the waterline and 
for a strake above it amidships is of manganese broDze, while the top 
strake of plaiting is of aluminum with the exception of a steel plate 
at the chain plates. The overhanes are also plated with aluminum. 
The plating is5-16ths of an inch thick, except, that aluminum plates 
at the end shade a trifle thinner. 
The deck beams are of aluminum, and like the frames are rolled 
with a bulb on tbe web. New rolls had to be made for these frames 
and beams, but the expense is probably returned in greater strength 
for a given weight. The total saving in weight by the use of aluminum 
in tbe upper part of the hull has been estimated at nine tons. 
This is the first extended use of aluminum in yacht construction, 
and will be closely watched as an experiment, although its cost, seven 
to ten times that of steel, will make any except a millionaire yachtsman 
think twice before using it. The aluminum on the Defender is alloyed 
with about 10 per cent, of copper, not enough to make aluminum 
bronze of it, yet sufficient, it is believed, to overcome the brittlene-'S 
and liability to corrode, which are characteristics of pure aluminum. 
In fact, the alloy is so small as not to affect the color of the aluminum 
and the plates shine like burniRhed silver mirrors. Paint will cover 
them, though, for use and not beauty is the word. 
In the matter of sail plan, the Defender promises something sur- 
prising, probably 1,000 to 1,200 square feet more than Vigiiant's at 
11,300. Tbe incrpase will be mostly in the mainsail and on the hoist 
and gaff rather than on the boom, although the latter will go over 100 
feet Mr. Iselin says tbe mast will not go much farther forward than 
in Vigilant. 
Two sets of spars, with several spare ones, will be provided, and 
four suits of sails. Three mainsails have already been ordered, and 
all will thoroughly tried in the practice si iling. For the final test 
the one which best fulfills all tbe required conditions will be used. The 
Herreshoffs will try their "cross cut" plan on one mainsail, and Wil- 
son will make one in the ordinary way. The third Mr. Iselin gives no 
information about. The Herreshoff plan of running the cloths from 
leach to luff across the sail has worked well in small boats. How it 
will work in a big one remains to be seen. 
But after everything is known about the boat, the great question is 
whether or not "she will successfully defend the cup. All that can be 
said is that she should gain minutes from ber construction, while 
there is at the same time much in her model to inspire confidence of 
still further increase. 
Mr. lselin's estimate of "five to seven minutes faster than Vigilant" 
was given with a twinkle in his eye which shows a conserative estimate. 
Most of those who know something of the boat expect more. 
The arrival of the aluminum deck beam.3 from Pittsburg for the 
Defender this week, removes all possible delay in the construction of 
the yacht which it was feared might ensue in case of their non-arrival 
by tne time the platers were to rivet the sheer strake of aluminum. 
These beams are in the south shop, and are bent in almost in the 
required shape,the work having been done at the works at Pittsburg. 
They are of many lengths, running from the small beams required at 
the extreme bow and stern ends to the long beams to be 
put in amidship. They have a bulb on the under side which, 
besides giving strength to the beams, allows of a much smaller beam 
being used. These beams will be put in as soon as possible and the 
work of preparing them is now under way. 
The work of plaiing is progressing rapidly, nearly all of the under- 
body amidships and forward being covered. There are several alum- 
inum plates riveted above the waterline. The frames are all up in the 
afi er section of the boat. These frames have been painted white in 
order to prevent rusting or corroding. 
The - naganese bronze plating is being riveted aft of the lead keel, 
and vvill be but two or three -weeks before the sloop will be com- 
p' . ly plated. As fast as the plates are riveted they are caulked, a 
orkman from the Bath iron works being here for that purpose. 
As an incentive to the workmen to rush matters on the plating, the 
firm has increased the pay of the riveters and platers. 
It is expected that Colonia with her crew will be in Bristol in about 
a week. It is also reported that Vigilant will come here. 
The work on the Herreshoff suit of sails for the new yacht at the 
rubber company factory is well along. 
The only boats in the shops at the present time besides the Defender 
are the. 30-footer for George Owens Jr., of Boston, and the half-rater 
for Vice, Com. Rouse of the Seawanhaka Yacht Club. The hull tor the 
Owens boat is nearly finished, while the half -rater is nearly ready to 
be turned over. The latter boat is a centerboarder and is to meet the 
crack boat of J. A. Brand of London in the Seawanhaka races next 
fall. 
At the Herreshoff marinerailway the steam yacht Eugenia is having 
a sheathing of copper put on her bottom. It is reported that si.e has 
been sold by the Herreshoffs to Dr. H. M. Howe ot Philadelphia. 
The steam yacht PapooBB, to be used by the naval reserves of Mas- 
sachusetts, was fitted out and left the Herreshoffs' this week, Steam 
yacht Katarina, recently purchased by F. G. Kingsley of New York, 
left for New York Friday, and the steam yacht Judy, now owned by 
W. L. Watrous of Hartford, Conn., is ready for the season, 
Steam yacht Duquesne is being made ready for her first trip. W. 
r. Murray's flu keeler, Memory, is being fitted up for the season at 
'lerreshoffs'. 
At the Saunder's shops the lead keel for tbe Hollingsworth cat j awl, 
Hide, was run op May pj, XtW> tjUilder is fitting out- about $ tnats 
n*§ Season; 
The Boston spars for the Defender reached Bristol by rail on May 4. 
Their dimensions are given as follows: mast, over all, 102 f t.,boom, 102 
ft., gBff, 64 ft. bowsprit, 44 ft., topmast 57 ft., topsail yard St £t„ spio.- 
aker boom "2 ft. 
The Dory Etymologically Considered. 
According to the "Century Dictionary," it is "a small boat, especially 
a small flat-bottomed boat used in sea fisheries, in which to go out 
from a larger vessel to catch fish." Its derivation is stated as "un- 
certain." The more recently published "Standard Dictionary" (Funk& 
Wagnalls) says that it is "A sharp, flat-bottomed row boat, much used 
by fishermen," and proceeds to cite an instance of its use by Robert 
Carter in 1864. Now, my reason for looking up this little seagoing 
name is that in reading Esquemeling's "Buccaneers of America" (pp. 
469 and 472) I find the dory incidentally mentioned as a craft in use 
among the Indians down somewhere near the Straits of Magellan, 
on the west coast of South America. The date is Oct. 27, 1681, 
which is considerably older than the "Century's" quotation. 
I have ascertained that the present English translation from Es- 
quempling'a original Dutch was made about 1684. Its phraseology is 
decidedly antique, so that the editor of the present edition must 
have regarded "dory" as a good old English word, instead of th© 
modern Americanism that most of us have heretofore considered it. 
Possibly the word may cccnr elsewhere in the work cited. I have> 
not read it through. 
I have searched some of the old English dictionaries, but dory 
does not appear so far aa I can find. As soon as time permits, 1 
will lookup the original Dutch. C. L. Nohtoh. 
YACHTING NEWS NOTES. 
The steam yacht raeingfor the valuable Gordon Bennett prize ended 
in the fiasco expected. The speed of the Giraldaseared off the owners 
of other yachts, and no satisfactory handicap could be adopted. Last 
year some interest was aroused in the trial of speed, as each of the 
qrwners believed he had a 15-knot yacht, and the belief was fairly well 
founded. Still, the difference in Ihe proved speed and the anticipated 
speed was sufficient to necessitate a handicap for the succeeding con- 
test. This at once caused a falling off in ihe number cf competitors, 
and we may also say in Ihe Tesult of ibe competition. Unless the 
varied incidents and complex stratagem of yacht sailiDg can be in- 
troduced into steam yacht rRcing, we do not see how it is possible to 
make it attractive.— Field. 
Messrs. E. Bernard & Co., the pubisbers, of Paris, announce tbe 
publication of a translation of Mr. Dixon Kemp's two standard 
works, "Yacht Architecture" and "Yacht ard Boat Sailing." in 
French, at an early day. The work has been done by Messrs. Boyn 
and Martinenq. and M. Peripnon will write the preface. There will 
be two volumes, one ready very soon, and tbe other by the end of the 
year. Tbe first, will be entitled "Yacht Architecture" and the second! 
"Yacht and Boat Sailing, being based on ihe eighth edition of Mr. 
Kemp's work. Both have been very carefully translated and brought 
fully up to date. They are likely lo meet with the same well-deserved 
favor from French yachtsmen that tbe originals have met from 
British and Americans. The publication of such a work is another 
evidence of the rapid growth of yachting in France, 
i A very useful and ingenious cleat has lately been put on the market 
by W. S. Granger, of Chicago, a metal cleat of one of the standard 
patterns, except that one of the two pillars that support the horns has 
been cut away and replaced by a sheave, thus serving the double pur- 
pose of a block or fairlead and also a cleat. It is adapted to a great 
many uses about a yacht, 
Messrs. G. West & Son, the noted yacht photographers, of Southsea, 
England, whose work is bo well kuown in this country, have a repre- 
sentative here in the person of Mr. H. B. Manley, who is no win Boston 
and will remain in this country all summer, being joined in September 
by Mr. G. West, who will come out to photograph the cup races. Mr. 
Manley, whose temporary address is care of the Boston Herald, has 
already a full collection of the photos of Ailsa. and will have views of 
Valkyrie III as soon as the yacht is out. He can supply anything 
from the very extensive West collection. 
Oneida, steam yacht, mentioned in our notes of April 20 as now 
owned in New Orleans, was built by Messrs. Charles P. Willard, of 
Chicago, an'd not by tbe other firm mentioned. She was owned and 
used during 1893 by Willard & Co. 
Nepenthe, sloop, the Burgess boat which has won such a reputation 
in the South under the ownership of C.P.Richardson, has just been 
sold to two other members of the Southern Yacht Club, Messrs. George 
Agar and W. S. Dudley. 
Mr. J Beavor Webb has recently sold the steam yacht Sultana, de 
signed by him for Trenor L. Park, to John R. Drexel, of Philadelphia, 
and has chartered to Mr. Robert Goelet the steam yacht Hermione, of 
145ft. l.w.l., designed by Watson and built by Fleming & Ferguson in 
1891 for Mr. James A. Allen. Sultana is now fitting out at the Erie 
Basin, and some changes are being made under Mr. Webb's direction, 
the deck house being extended aft over the engine room, giving in- 
cidentally a larger galley. Corsair, Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, is also 
fitting out under Mr. Webb's charge. Mr, Webb has also placed an 
order with the Herreshoffs for a one-rater for Sir Arthur Clarke Jer- 
voise, at one time owner of the yawl Cythera. 
The Douglaston Y. C. has sent out the following notice to all its 
members: "As it is our wish to make the racing season a successful 
one, we take this means of bringing to your notice a short review of 
our plans. The annual regatta will take place Saturday, June 22, and 
as it will be the only yacht racing event on the Sound that day we ex- 
pect it wilt surpass in numbers and interest any of our previous 
events. Several of our members have formed a class known as sail- 
ing dinghys or row boat and small racer combined, and it is proposed 
to hold weekly races for this class. The Douglaston Y. C. have been 
challenged by Mr. T. F. Day, editor of the Rudder, to race our fastest 
dinghy against one of the same class he is building, and it will be 
necessary to bold a series of races of our own boats to determine 
which is the best boat to represent the club. It is our intention to gi ve 
this class all the encouragement we can, as it may form the nucleus 
by which we can add many large boats to our fleet. We also propose 
holding a ladies' day during the summer, at which will be given ali the 
sports peculiar to the water. In fact, with your help we will try to 
mak« Little Neck Bay the liveliest spot on the Sound. To this end we 
would ask a subscription of any amount from $1 up, which you can 
send in inclosed envelope or hand to any of the regatta committee. 
F. E. Barnes. Chairman, 344 Fourth avenue, city; O. J. Ahlstrom, G. 
H. Leavitt, W. G. Newman, W, Lawrence." 
The Pequot Casino Association, of New London, Conn., announces 
that a regatta will be held on Thursday, June 27. The prizes are: 
§200 in money, or a cup of this value, for all schooners, sailing as of 
one class; $150 in money, or a cup of this value, for all sloops, sailing 
as of one class; $100 in money, or a cup of this value, for all sloops, 
34ft. class; $50, with 825 entrance fee, for a sweepstakes race for 40ft. 
I. w.l. class, of not over 50ft. racing length, provided at least three 
entries are made. In each race in which at least four start with full 
intention of sailing the course a suitable second prize will be provided. 
The New York Y. C. rules will govern, except in the race of tbe 34ft. 
class, in which the Larchmont Y. C rules, provided for this special 
class, will govern. Yacht owners must be prepared to furnish a cer- 
tificate of measurement from the measurers of their respective clubs. 
Sailing instructions, with charts, will be furnished by the committee. 
Entries in writing will be received until 9 P. M. of the day immediately 
preceding the race. Yachts of the following clubs are hereby invited 
to contest for the prizes above mentioned: American, Atlantic, Bos- 
ton. Brooklyn, Massachusetts Corinthian, Corinthian of New York, 
Corinthian of Philadelphia, Dorchester, Eastern, Harvard, Hull Corin- 
thian, Larchmont, Massachusetts, New Bedford, New Haven, Yale 
Corinthian, New Rochelle, Providence Corinthian. Rhode Island, Sea- 
wanhaka Oorinthian, Shelter Island, South Boston, Stamford and New 
York. All communications in reference to this regatta should be ad- 
dressed to The Regatta Committee, the Pequot Casino, New London , 
Conn. 
On May 6 an unsuccessful attempt was made to launch Jubilee from 
the Mclntyre & Kirk yard at Quincy Point, where she has been laid up 
all winter" The tide was high about 9 P. M., and soon after that hour 
the boat was started down the same ways as those on which she was 
hauled up. She slid smoothly enough until she was within a foot or 
so of being afloat, while the crowd of spectators who had gathered in 
the moonlight were cheering an apparently successful launch which 
bad many picturesque features about it. Just then tbe cradle stuck 
in the mud at the end of the ways and refused to move any further. 
A line was taken to Jubilee from the tug Wesley A. Gore, but the line 
before the boat was moved parted. Then a line was taken to the bow 
and an effort made to pull her around sidewise, but the only result 
was an ominous crackling of the cradle and a heeling of the boat to 
starboard. The falling tide prevented further effort to get her off, 
aid nothing can be done until morning. Those in charge of the 
launching do not fear serious damage to the boat, but hope to float 
her on the high tide at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. 
Wanted Immediately, Boat Builders. 
We want two expert builders for racing canoes and small racing 
sailing craft, such as J^-raters, 1-raters, etc. Only first-class men 
need apply. Write, statiug previous experience and wages required. 
Steady job to the right men.- St. La whence River Ski pp. Oanoe and 
SyBAW Umm C(WAK7, Qlaytoo &M«fWM kWrtyh Y--,^i, 
