may M; 1695.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. 
Under all the finish and refinement of the civilized man 
run still the broad impulses of barbarous and primitive 
man. All the world will always love the hero, and all 
mankind will ever concern itself with war, for war is 
woven into the principles of life. We gladly read back 
into the time when the hero was the man of thews and 
Binews, and when humanity was of necessity brutal; 
because there still survives hidden in us a current of sav- 
agery and an admiration for savage force. It was not 
meantj however, that this should continue as more than 
an undercurrent. Civilization was to be* and to-day it is> 
and civilization means more nearly an equality among 
men. We shall not go far amiss, then, in calling that the 
greatest instrument of civilization which did most toward 
making men equal. We read with eagerness and curios* 
grouped a collection of kegs and canisters in such a man- 
ner as to show each individual keg and yet have a neat 
and tasteful form. The kegs and canisters, reflected in 
the mirrors, their gay colors contrasting finely with the 
cream white and gold of the cabinet, make a striking pic- 
ture, which must be seen to be fully appreciated. 
At the sides of the groups of kegs are arranged eight 
large clear glass bottles containing the raw materials from 
which gunpowder is made. 
The materials thus exhibited are as follows: Sail peter — 
The crude salt as it comes from India; crystallized; re- 
fined 1 in 10,000 of impurity. Sulphur — Common; re- 
fined. Willow wood, from which the charcoal for the 
fine sporting powders is made. Charcoal — Common, for 
the low er grades of powder. 
A showcase stands in the front of the space in which 
are exhibited a number of samples of gunpowder and 
EXHIBIT OF E. I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY. 
ity the works of the masters of history or fiction which 
take us back to the less civilized ages. The pens of Chas. 
Reade, of Conan Doyle, of Edwin Lester Arnold, interest 
us most when they tell of the days of the "Cloister and 
the Hearth," the "White Company," of "Phra, the Phe- 
nician." And all these writers seize upon that dramatic 
time when the long bow gave way to the arbalest, the 
arbalest to the petronel — when gunpowder began to make 
all men equal, when feudalism gave way to humanity, 
and when serfs dropped off their shackles. The great 
writers know what that dramatic epoch has meant to 
mankind. 
As gunpowder gave man liberty and progress, so to-day 
it preserves liberty and assures progress. The idea of war 
(with it well mingled the idea of sport) obtains to-day and 
must ever obtain while human nature lives. If, then, 
one be in the least interested as a student of broad causes, 
of motive and of agencies, what more interesting line of 
study can one have than the study of gunpowder, the 
destroyer, the civilizer, the equalizer, the servant of 
man's sternest and his lightest moods? From its begin- 
ning to its highest perfection, what more interesting 
study? 
At the Sportsmen's Exposition one can study gunpow- 
der through a century of growth right here in America, 
and not in other lands or times. Indeed, we can temper- 
ately say that one can see not only part but all the history 
of gunpowder in the beautifully neat and tasteful exhibit 
of the old American firm of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & 
Co. ; for if they do not show one everything, they can tell 
him of what came before their time in the history of 
powder, and after their time they have been in the fore- 
front of progress in the practice and manufacture and de- 
velopment of explosives. 
A knowledge of the ingredients and nature of gunpow- 
der is of great antiquity. The Chinese made use of an 
explosive compound fully two thousand years ago, but it 
devolved upon a higher civilization to make the discovery 
of much practical utility. 
Gunpowder was made in this country during the last 
century, but the early manufactories were of the rudest 
and most primitive description. 
Eleuthere Irenes DuPont de Nemours, who came from 
France to the United States in the fall of 1799, was the 
founder of the gunpowder works near Wilmington, Dal. 
He had acquired a practical knowledge of the manu- 
facture of gunpowder under the instruction of the cele- 
brated French chemist Lavoisier, who was superintendent 
of two government powder mills at Essone, before the 
French Revolution. Some months after Irenee DuPont's 
arrival, his attention was called to the bad quality of the 
gunpowder made in America, and he conceived the idea 
of erecting works for its manufacture. Ho went back to 
France early in 1801, returned to the United States with 
some of the necessary machinery, and selected in 1802 a 
site on the Brandy wine Creek, a few miles from Wil- 
mington, Del., where he at once began the erection of the 
works. The business has' been carried on ever since, 
without interruption, by the founder, succeeded by the 
members of his family, under the firm name of E. I. Da 
Pont de Nemours & Co. 
The space occupied by E. I. DuPont de Nemours- & Co. 
has been arranged with a view of exhibiting the many 
materials that enter into the manufacture of gunpowder, 
the manufactured article itself in its many varied forms, 
and also the packages in which the powder is sold. The 
arrangement of these empty packages is unique and 
original. A cabinet occupies two sides of the space, of 
which cabinet the upper part is open, the back and sides 
being lined with plate glass mirrors. In this cabinet is 
explosives. They are placed in crystal glasses resting on 
a bed of rich velvet. 
The regular grades of rifle and shotgun piwders are 
designated by the letters O.T.P. , Fg, FFg, FFFg. V.GP. 
is a superior trap-shooting powder. Choke bore, a selected 
powder well suited to choke-bore guns. Gun Cotton — 
Service gun cotton of the U. S. Government; for use in 
the manufacture of blasting gelatine; fdr use in the man- 
ufacture of smokeless powder. Smokeless Powder — For 
shotguns; for .22cal. gallery rifles; for .45-90-300, .33-55, 
.32-40 and .25-20; for field guns; for U. S. Government 
,30cal. rifle. Cubical powder. Hexagonal powder.- 
FFF and FFFF were the sizes of grain exhibited. B blast- 
ing was shown in the following sizes and is used for coal 
mining and earth blasting: CCC, CO, C, F, FF, FFF and 
FFFF. 
No powder ever manufactured has ever sprung into the 
sudden popularity attained by the famous DuPont smoke- 
less, and no powder has ever better justified its own popu- 
larity. 
The visitor at this pleasant corner could learn many 
things of curious interest, which he might have known, 
but did not. For instance, one knows that saltpeter, 
charcoal and sulphur are the common ingredients of 
gunpowder; but he may not know that the old formula 
(much varied in application) was 75 parts of saltpeter, 15 
of charcoal and 10 of sulphur. Charcoal he may think 
easily obtainable, but the polite managers and attendants 
at the exhibit will tell him that the high grade powders 
need the best of charcoal, which is only made of the best 
of willow. Only the branches of the willow can be used, 
not the trunk wood. The DuPonts get their willow from 
widely scattered parts of the country, but they get the 
best material in every case for the manufacture of their 
many products. 
The exhibit of Messrs. E, I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. 
seems to have been arranged so tastefully under the care 
of Mr. Francis G. DuPont, and it was left in care of a very 
courteous and efficient attendant in M. Pierre Gentieu, 
long with the DuPont house. Very pleasant and instruc- 
tive and satisfactory was this exhibit, which was situated 
at the entrance of the main aisle of the Exposition. 
The "Three in One" Compound. 
Modern firearms are much more complicated than those 
used by our ancestors a few generations ago. The fowl- 
ing pieces used by our grandfathers, for instance, besides 
the ramrod, of which the erring small boy stood in such 
mortal terror, consisted of the fewest and simplest parts 
imaginable in lock, stock and barrel. Such guns required 
very little care, and were supposed to shoot just as well, 
or perhaps a little better, dirty as clean. 
Things have changed very much in our era. Improved 
firearms, with more complicated and more delicately ad- 
justed parts, have made it absolutely necessary to take 
better care of them. They must be kept clean and 
guarded against rust in order to insure their efficacy. 
It is no longer believed that fouled barrels will make 
better shooting than clean, and sportsmen have univer- 
sally learned the necessity of caring for their guns. 
Heretofore they have been obliged to use various dis- 
preparations to accomplish this end, The locks and 
other mechanism mu3t be lubricated after they have 
been cleaned, and care must be taken to preserve all 
metal parts against rust. 
They will hail with delight therefore the advent of a 
preparation made for their especial use that cleans, lubri- 
cates and preserves from rust all at the same time. 
Suoh a preparation has at last been placed upon the 
market. 
In space 51 G. W. Cole & Co., Ill Broadway, New York 
(with branches in Chicago and San Francisco), exhibit 
their "Three in One" compound. This Exposition has 
brought to light many new and meritorious articles, but 
none that more nearly meets a long-felt want to the gun- 
ner, fisherman and bicyclist than this "Three in One." 
It thoroughly cleanses a gun after shooting, and prevents 
sweat of the hand, water and salt air from rusting the 
nickel and steel parts, and, strange to say, it is an excel- 
lent lubricant for the lock, as itrdoes not gum or harden. 
! foh GUNS 
aH? FISffING TWGKLEi 
MFD • BY G.W.CO LE & C0.N.Y.a CHI CAGO^ 
EXHIBIT OF THE " THREE IN ONE" COMPOUND. 
Sphere-hexagonal powder. Prismatic powder, for 5, 6, 8, 
10, 12 and I3in. rifles. Saltpeter powder, U. S. Army. 
An assortment of loaded shells for shotguns is a special 
feature. A piece of mica has been introduced in the side 
of these shells so that the position of the powder, wads 
and shot can be plainly seen. These shells have been 
loadel in the best manner and show the wadding used 
with the justly celebrated "DuPont smokeless." 
Another feature of the exhibit was a Winchester rifle 
from which have been fired one hundred shots of the Du- 
Pont smokelesg rifle powder, the barrel being in the con- 
dition the last shot left it, not having been cleaned. The 
rifleman has but to look at the interior of the barrel to be 
convinced that the powder fired from that rifle is ab- 
solutely clean and not at all injurious to the barrel. 
Blasting powders shown by Messrs. E I. DuPont de 
Nemours & Co. were as follows: A blasting, used for 
quarrying and rock blasting, and for all kinds of work 
which is too hard for the common B blasting. C, F, FF, 
' Taree in One" is unique in that one article cleans, pre- 
vents rust, and lubricates, and it is entitled to a thorough 
trial by all sportsmen who will appreciate the advantage 
of protecting their guns, reels, fishing tackle and bicycles 
with a transparent compound that contains no acid, that 
cannot be seen, yet does the work required. Numerous 
testimonials were distributed showing these facts. "Three 
in One" is clean to handle, and will not soil the cloth- 
ing. 
The liberal distribution of samples made at the Exposi- 
tion will no doubt increase the already great demand for 
this article, and make it as necessary to the sportsman for 
his gun and fishing tackle as it has become to the bicycle 
riders of this country for their bicycles. 
Messrs. Cole & Ci. will mail a large oiler filled with 
"Three in One" compound, upon receipt of five two-cent 
stamps, for trial, and will send testimonials of many 
sportsmen, some of whom may be residents of the city of 
the applicant, and may so serve as personal references. 
