June 15, 1895.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
495 
The Yacht Racing Association. 
[Concluded from page £71.] 
MEASUREMENT OF SAIL AREA. 
Mainsail. — A — Measured trom the top of the boom (under the pin 
for the outhaul shackle on traveler or clew slide when hauled chock 
out) to the gaff under the pin of the sheave of the topsail sheet, pro- 
vided the peak criDgle of the mainsail does not extend beyond The pin; 
ia the ease of the yacht having no topsail, or of the peak cringle ex- 
tending beyond the pin of the topsail sheet sheave, then the measure- 
ment to be taken to the peak lacing-hole. 
B— Perpendicular to A, measured to under side of gaff close in to 
mast. 
C— Measured from top of boom over the pin of the sheave for out- 
haul or end of clew slide to under side of gaff close in to the mast. 
17 
or 
JtiJieadt 
Sail area. 
Mainsail. 
D— Perpendicular to C, measured in to the mast, in a line with the 
ton of the boom, or to tack cringle of mainsail if below top of boom. 
Yard TopsaiL — E — Measured from upper side of gaff close in to the 
mast to pin of sheave for topsail sheet, or to lacing-hole in jackyard. 
F— Perpendicular to E, measured to lacing-hole in jackyard. 
Q— From lacing-hole to lacing-hole in yard. 
H— Perpendicular to G, measured to pin of sheave for topsail sheet 
in gaff, or to lacing-hole in jackyard. 
Jibheader.—K— Measured from top of gaff close in to mast, to pin 
of halliard sheave in topmast. 
L— Perpendicular to K, measured to pin of topsail sheet sheave in 
gaff, or to lacing-hole in jackyard. 
Head Sails. — I— The perpendicular I to be measured from the deck 
at the foreside of the mast to where the line of the luff of the fore- 
most headsail when extended cuts such perpendicular; in case a 
schooner has no foretopmast, but a maintopmast and main spinaker, 
the perpendicular for the fore triangle shall be measured from the 
deck to where the line of the luff of such spinaker when extened cuts 
the maintopmast. 
J — To be measured from the foreside of the mast to where the line 
of the luff of the foremost beadsail when extended cuts the bowsprit, 
other spar, hull, etc., where the case may be. In all cases, if the dis- 
tance from the center fore and aft line of the mast to the outer end of 
spinaker boom (when shipped in its place and square to the keel) ex- 
ceeds the distance from the foreside of the mast to the bowsprit end 
(where cut by the line of the luff of the foremost headsail) the excess 
shall be added to the base of the triangle formed by the head- 
sails; and the area of the headRail to be computed accordingly. In the 
case of a yacht having no headsail, but carrying a spinaker, the area 
for headsail shall be computed from the length of spinaker boom and 
the height from deck to where the line of the luff of the spinaker 
when extended cuts the mast. The length of headstick or headyard 
to spinaker shall not exceed otie-twentieth the length of spinaker 
boom. Footyards not-allowed on spinakers. In the case of a yacht 
carrying a square sail or square topsail or raffee (together or separ- 
ately), the actual area of the same shall be computed; and if such 
area exceed the area of the fore triangle, the excess shall be used in 
the total area for determiniug the rating. 
Foresail of Schooners.— A— Measured from foreside of mainmast (in 
a line with main boom goose-neck) to gaff under the pin of topsail 
sheet sheave 
B— Perpendicular to A, measured to under side of gaff close in to 
mast. 
C— Measured from foreside of mainmast (in a line with main boom 
goose-neck) to gaff close In to the mast. 
D— Perpendicular to C, measured in to the mast in a line with the top 
of the fore boom or tack cringle. 
AREA OF MAINSAIL. 
To Find the Area of the Mainsail — Multiply A by B and C by D, and 
add the two products together and divide by 2. 
Area of Yard Topsail.— Multiply E by F and G by H, and add the two 
products together and divide by 2. 
Area of Jibheader.— Multiply K by L and divide the product by 2. 
Area of Head Sails. — To find the area of head sails, jibtopsail or spin- 
aker, multiply I by J and divide by 2. 
Area of Pole Mast Head Sails — Multiply I by J and divide by 2. 
Area of Schooner's and Yawl's Sails. — Similarly found. In the case 
of a yawl having a lug mizen, the lacing-holes in the yard would be 
taken as the boundaries. 
Areas of Lug Sails and Head Sails.— In the case of a lug sail, stand- 
ing lug sail or balance lug sail being carried, the actual area of the 
same shall be carried, the measurements for computing the area of the 
same shall be taken from the foreside of the mast, etc., in accordance 
with the method provided in the rule for head sails. 
Area Bounded by Curved Edges of Sails— The area bound by the round 
in the foot, head, Juff or leach of a sail, if at any time extended by bat- 
tens or otherwise beyond the line between the points of measurement, 
shall be computed as follows:— multiply the base, E, by % the perpen- 
dicular, see small figure over sail plan. 
In case of disputed measurement, or if the necessary measurements 
cannot be obtained from the sail maker, the sails can be measured in 
the manner following: — Take the length of boom from mast to pin of 
sheave for outhaul, and length of gaff from mast to pin of topsail 
sheet sheave, or lacing-hole, as the case may require; then hoist the 
sail with the tack fast, and set the peak and luff up taut, and let go 
the topping lifts so that the weight of the boom comes on the leach of 
the sail. With a line and tape measure the leach and luff and the di- 
agonal C. For the head sail measure the height, T, and the distance, 
J, as provided for in the section dealing with headsail. For topsail, 
the sail would be hoisted and marked in the line with the gaff; then 
lowered and the other dimensions taken. From the measurements so 
taken, a sail plan would be made and the areas calculated as de- 
scribed. 
In all calculations, whether relating to length, sail area or rating, 
any fraction beyond the second place of decimals shall be disre- 
garded. As soon as a yacht has been measured by the official 
measurer a certificate of rating of the Yacht Racing Association she I 
be granted to her owner, unless from any peculiarity in the construe 
tion of the yacht or other cause the measurer shall be of the opinion 
that the rule will not rate the yacht fairly; in which case he shall 
report the circumstances of the case to the Council, who, after due 
inquiry, shall award such certificate of rating as they may consider 
equitable. The certificate of rating of the Yacht Racing Association 
shall only be valid as the yacht's rating for racing, so long as no in- 
crease is made in her rating length or in her spars or sail area. If any 
alterations be made by any means whatever, so that one or both of 
the marks at the bow and stern, as placed by the owner, come in- 
side the length immersed when the yacht is lying in smooth water in 
her usual racing trim, with racing crew on board at and about the 
mid-over all length, or if any increase be made in the length of spars, 
or in the sail area of a yacht, or if any mark denoting her length is 
moved from its position, her certificate of rating ceases to be valid 
and must be immediately returned to the secretary of the Yacht Rac- 
ing Association, with notice in writing of the alterations, in order that 
the yacht, or her spars or sails may, if necessary, be remeasured and 
a new cenificate issued. Yachts which have been raced previously to 
1893 shall be allowed to compete in the classes for which tbey were 
designed, by allowing time tor any excess of rating arising from re- 
measurement with a racing crew on board, provided no alteration has 
been made in the hull by which the length of load waterline has been 
increased since 1892, or any increase made in the sail area since 1892. 
A certificate of rating of the Yacht Racing Association shall be held 
by every yacht starting in a match, unless the sailing committee give 
special permission in writing, before the start, that the yacht 
may compete without it; but in the event of any dispute as to the 
rating of a yacht so exempted or otherwise, she or her sails shall be 
measured by the official measurer before she can be entitled to a 
prize. 
The other sailing rules are interesting, but they are in the main in 
accord with American rules, so we omit them, as they occupy consider- 
able space. The following is worth quoting as relating to a point that 
is much in doubt on both sides of the water: "A yacht club shall not 
be considered a recognized yacht club within the meaning of this 
rule unless it shall have been proposed and accepted by the coun- 
cil of the Yacht Racing Association, who shall have the power 
of cancelling such recognition should they deem it expedient to 
do so." 
In the appendix the Association suggests: That as mixed rig races 
are no satisfactory test of the relative speeds of yachts, the different 
rigs should, whenever practicable, be kept separate; but when mixed 
races are unavoidable, the following rule shall be observed: The rat- 
ing of schooners and yawls to be reckoned for time allowance as fol- 
lows: Schooners at three-flftbs and yawls at four-fifths their actual 
rating, provided that in case of a yawl her mainsail does not exceed 
.87 of her total sail area, and that her mizen is not less than 0.06 of her 
total sail area. In the case of a pole-masted yawl, her mainsail shall 
not exeped 0.46 of her total sail area, and her mizen shall not be less 
than 0.075 of her total sail area. In schooners, the foreside of the main- 
mast shall at the deck be not farther forward than the middle of the 
rating length Ketches and luggers shall be rated for time allowance 
at three-fifths their rating; provided that in a ketch the distance 
between the masts does not exceed half the rating length of the yacht, 
and that the smaller sail is carried aft. In the case of a lugger, to be 
0 
entitled to the rig allowance, the yacht must have two or more masts, 
and the after, or the middle mast, at the deck, must not be forward of 
the middle of the rating length; and in the case of a two-masted lug- 
ger, if the area of the after lug be less than half the area of the main 
lug, she will be rated as a yawl. 
The Association further recommends that the classification of 
yachts should, when practicable, be as follows: not over U.y 2 rating, 
5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 rating, there being no limit above the 60 rating 
class. 
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE MEASURERS ISSUED BY DIRECTION OF THE COUNCII . 
1. The measurer shall not measure for the Yacht Racing Association 
a yacht or boat which he has designed or built, or which any firm he 
is interested in has designed or built; nor shall he measure any yacht 
in which he is interested, as owner or otherwise. 
2. Before measuring a yacht the measurer should ascertain from 
the owner or his representative that she is in her correct racing trim, 
and that the fees for measuring have been paid. All sails, spars, 
gear, etc.. as usually named by the yacht when racing, must be on 
board when the marks for the rating length are being tested. The 
measurer may allow sails, spinaker gear, tackle, etc , to be put amid- 
ships while the marks for the rating length are being tested. 
3. The measurements to be taken are the rating length, heights at 
bow and stern, and the lengths of the spars or dimensions of sails, in 
accordance with the Y. R. A. Rule 3 for the rating of yschts. 
4. The rating length shall be obtained by measuring the length over 
all on deck, and deducting from this length the distances in to the 
bow and stern marks as fixed by the owner, from perpendiculars let 
fall from the bow and taffrail, as shown in the diagrams. These per- 
pendiculars are best obtained by a hand lead sunk 2 or 3 fathoms deep, 
so as to insure a steady line to "measure from. The distances in from 
the line are to be taken by a rod placed parallel to the water su'' "ace, 
as shown in the diagrams. 
5. The over all measurement must be taken parallel to t' I.w.l. 
above the deck, starting from any convenient point forwar on the 
rail, knee, etc., ahead of the fore end of the load waterline. . 1 hen the 
length over all is taken with rods, aline should be stretched', aut from 
the pointforward to the taffrail to facilitate the accurate shifting of 
the rods. 
6. After the over all length has been taken, the measurer must see 
that the crew are placed at and about the mid over all length (see 
Rule 14). He must then ascertain that the yacht is not immersed at 
the load waterline beyond the rating length, as represented by the 
owner's marks at the how and stem. If a yacht is measured in a 
tideway, the measurer must view the marks in smooth and during 
slack w r ater. 
7. All measurements should be taken and recorded in the measure- 
ment book twice, and a third time if there is material disagreement. 
The mean should be adopted. A steel tape or rods supplied by the 
Yacht Racing Association must in all cases be used for taking the 
measurements. 
8. The measurer must take and record in the measurement book 
such notes of a yacht's trim by measuring the height above water at 
the taffrail and stem, or by such other means as will enable him at 
any subsequent date easily to ascertain if the immersion at the water- 
line or the marks at the bow and stern have been altered since meas- 
urement. 
9. If a yacht has movable ballast on board, the measurer should 
note its position. 
10. In measuring the main boom length, from mast to the pin of out- 
haul shackle, the measurer should see that the traveler, whether on a 
slide or around the boom, is chock out. For this purpose the clew of 
the mainsail should be unshackled and the traveler hauled out to the 
furthest point to which it can be taken. 
11. The measurer should ascertain for himself the point on the mast 
or topmast, and on the bowsprit or cranse iron, to which the measure- 
ments for fore triangle must be taken. 
12. In measuring the height for fore triangle, a piece of white linen 
should be attached to the string of the tape, and the tape can then 
be hoisted by the signal halliards, or by the jib or spinaker hal- 
liards, if no head sail be carried on the topmast stay or masthead pole 
stay. 
13. Before measuring a jackyard the sail should be bent to it, or the 
foot laid parallel to the yard and fairly stretched; and as a check 
besides measuring the distance from the sheet to the outer lacing-hole, 
the number of cloths from sheet to clew should be counted. 
14. In the event of any difficulty arising under Section 1 of these in- 
structions, or otherwise, as to the measuring of any particular yacht, 
the secretary shall make arrangements for the measuring of the 
yacht. 
MARKING THE RATING LENGTH. 
I. The metal strips for marking the rating length must be those 
supplied by the Yacht Racing Association, and stamped Y. R. A. 
They can be obtained of the measurers free of cost. 
II. The marks are to be placed vertically, and must be securely 
fixed to the yacht by the owner before measurement, one on each side 
of the bow, and one on each side of the stern, as shown in the dia- 
grams. In the case of a yacht with very flat sections aft, the marks 
will be placed across the stern to represent the extreme point for im- 
mersion aft. 
III. In case a bobstay plate or shackle or mooring chain would in- 
terfere with the placing and securing of the bow marks, they can be 
% < ift & - 
placed as shown in figures 1 and 3; but in no case may the immersed 
length extend beyond the marks, as ascertained by a plumb line 
dropped from the outer edges of the marks at bow and stern, with 
racing crew on board at and about the mid-over-all length. 
IV. The marks must not be shifted nor removed without giving 
notice thereof to the secretary of the Y. R. A. (Rule 3). 
The Y. R. A. has thirteen official measurers at various points in 
the United Kingdom. The fees for measuring are: Yachts exceeding 
35ft. l.w.l., £2 12s. 6d. ; of and under 35ft. I.w.l., £1 lis. 6d. : certificates 
of rating only, when the yacht does not require measuring, 5s. ; for 
remeasuring hull or spars only, half fee. 
Upon measuring days fixed by a vacht club, boats of 1-rating and 
under will be measured at a fee of £1, or 10s. if only for waterline, or 
if only for spars. The club in such cases must pay the measurer's 
traveling expenses. This scale applies only when not less than £4 is 
paid for measuring fees in one day. 
In the case of yachts belonging to the members of the Y. R. A., the 
fees are reduced from £2 12s. 6d. and £1 lis. 6d. to £1 lis. 6d. and 15s. 
All fees must be paid to the secretary at the time when application for 
measurement is made. 
The council now includes thirty-one members in all, and fourteen 
clubs send representatives to the Association. The list of recognized 
clubs includes sixty-six different organizations. The present mem- 
bership of the Yacht Racing Association is 130, including one lady. 
Winthrop Y. C. Opening. 
WINTHROP- BOSTON HARBOR. 
Saturday, June 1. 
A liqht and falling wind made a slow race for the Winthrop Y. C, , 
when it opened the season on Saturdav. The times were: 
FIRST CLASS, 7Lg MILES. 
Start. Finish. Elapsed. Corrected. 
Harold, A. J. Bliss 4 05 00 6 05 20 2 20 00 1 35 56 
Wivern, Leighton 4 05 00 Withdrew. 
SECOND CLASS, 7)4 MILES. 
Clara, G. Burgess 4 10 00 6 17 50 2 07 50 1 43 44 
Savitor, Hutch 4 10 00 6 15-13 2 05 13 1 39 58 
Harriet, L. J. Harrington.... 4 10 00 6 28 00 2 18 00 1 50 26 
Alma, C. A. Henry 4 10 00 6 28 03 2 18 03 1 53 01 
Eloise, J S. andE. B. Partridge4 10 00 6 30 J5 2 20 15 1 51 36 
Little Rogue, G W. Spencer.. 4 10 00 6 20 50 2 10 50 1 43 26 
THIRD CLASS, 5 MILES. 
Magpie, H. G. OUs 4 15 00 5 24 40 1 09 40 0 40 27 
Quincy Y. C First Championship. 
QUINCY— BOSTON HARBOR. 
Saturday, June 1. 
Only six boats started in the first race of the Quincy Y. C. on June 
1, the wind being very light and variable. The times w ere: 
FIRST CLASS. 
Length. Elapsed. Corrected. 
Gleaner, F. O. Wellington 2 58 £8 
Adolphe, H. Moebs 2 59 28 
Moondyne, A. J. Shaw Withdrew. 
SECOND CLASS. 
Swirl, H. M. Faxon 19.05 1 26 30 0 58 50 
Opechee, W. P. Barker 19.08 1 81 25 1 04 06 
Kayoshk, F. B. Rice 1 33 04 
Victoria Y. C. Opening Race. 
VICTORIA B. C— PUGET SOUND. 
Monday, May 27. 
The Victoria Y. C. of Victoria, B. C., is one of the growing yacht 
clubs of the northwest. Its fleet now numbers some fast modern 
boats, and is increasing every year. The club starts the present sea- 
son in a new two-story club house. Com. G. A. Kirk has just imported 
fie > 
j 
i 
0 
the 1-rater Frou Frou, one of Mr. Linton Hope's boato, from England, 
and will race her against the very successful Daisy Bell, built last year 
at Victoria from Mr. Hope's designs. The Victoria yachtsmen are now 
interested in the half -rater class; two boats have been built from local 
designs and one from the Clyde "one-design" class by Mr. Hope. The 
fast Clapham boat Myth has had her board removed during the winter 
and replaced by a deep fixed keel. 
The opening race of the club was set for May 23, but the wind was 
so light that but one boat, Defiance, finished within the time limit of 5 
hours. On May 27 there wai a good s.w. wind in the afternoon and a 
very fine race was made. The timeawere as follows: 
Start 1:30, 
CLASS A. 
1st 2d 
Round. Round. Elapsed. 
Myth..... 2 44 13 3 42 49 1 59 49 
Rainier 2 50 05 3 49 23 2 04 23 
Xora 2 5t 13 3 59 33 2 11 33 
Volage 2 55 31 4 06 53 2 21 53 
CLASS B. 
Hornet 2 53 24 3 57 58 2 12 58 
White Star 2 56 43 4 03 42 2 18 42 
Katie Thomas 3 02 57 4 16 25 2 31 25 
Edw McKay 3 03 13 4 19 37 2 34 37 
