Chap. LVIII. THE SULTAN KHALl'LU. 
197 
Khalilu succeeded to his brother Mohammed Wdni 
about seventeen years ago, and has since lived in a 
state of the greatest seclusion, well fitted for a monk, 
but by no means suited to the ruler of a vast empire, 
employing one of his brothers in order to keep up 
a certain show of imperial dignity where it was abso- 
lutely necessary. Thus, during the first few years of 
his reign, he had employed 'Abd el Kadiri, and was 
now employing Haliru, or, as the name is written, Ha- 
dhiru. Even by Mohammedans he is scarcely ever to 
be seen except on Fridays. It appeared, from my first 
arrival, extremely doubtful whether he would allow 
me to see his holy face ; and after a vain struggle, 
merely in order that, by an untimely obstinacy 
in matters of form, I might not frustrate all my 
schemes of discovery, I agreed at length to deliver 
my present to the messengers of the sultan, in his 
palace, without seeing him. This present consisted 
of almost the same number of articles as I had given 
to the emir of Sokoto, with the exception of the 
silver-mounted pistols. I gave him three bemuses 
— one of yellow, one of red cloth, and the third of 
the kind called helali ; a Mik or jerid of the finest 
quality, a Stambuli carpet, two entire pieces of mus- 
lin, a red cap, four loaves of sugar, three phials of 
rose oil, a pair of razors, five looking-glasses, a pound 
of cloves, and another of benzoin. 
It was very unfortunate that a foreigner and an 
adventurer, who had no other interest than his own 
selfishness, became the go-between with me and the 
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