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APPENDIX I. 
PRESENT CONDITION OF THE PROVINCE OF ZA'NFARA, 
The province of Zdnfara in former times was far more ex- 
tensive than at present, its ancient capital being situated half 
a day (hantsi) east from Sansanne f Aisa on the road to Toze, 
and this is perhaps Birni~n-Zanfara, founded by the powerful 
chief Babari about a century ago. At that time the province 
was a powerful kingdom ; but at present it is in the most dis- 
tracted condition, half of the places belonging to it being still 
under the rule of the Fulbe, while the other half have revolted 
successfully, and are strictly allied w T ith the Goberawa. 
Under the rule of the Fulbe or Fullan, are the following 
places : — 
Zyrmi, with three governors : one, A'bu Hamid, who has 
ruled (in 1853) seven, another Tarna, who has ruled fifteen 
years, and a third one, a younger brother of Tarna, but who 
has exercised power for thirty years*; Kauri-n- Nam 6 da, at 
present governed by Mahamudu, a younger brother of the 
warlike and far-famed chief Namoda, who has ruled for the - 
last twelve years ; Bunka, Boka, Goga, Yankaba, Daba, 
Banga, Birni-n-Maddera, Modiki, Moriki with Ne-ebbusuwa, 
Kore with Makauru, Dunfawa, Diichi, Badarawa, Katu.ru, 
Kanna, Dan Fsa, Waunaka-n-Fellani (in order to distinguish 
it from another town of the same name, w T hich is allied with 
the Goberawa), Yangwoy, Kiawa, Bura, Wauni, Jirgaba, 
Gabake, Kangwa, Kadamusa, Yanbukki, Take-adoy, Birni- 
* Formerly there was in Zyrmi a powerful governor belonging 
to the faction of the Goberawa, called Dan Jeka, who ruled twenty 
years, when he was murdered by Mammedu ( Mohammed u). 
