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APPENDIX IX. 
Songhay. 
A.D. 
A.H. 
Neighbouring Kingdoms. 
That splendid empire, which a few 
years back had extended from the 
middle of Hausa as far as the 
ocean, and from Mosi as far as 
Tawat, was gone, its king an exile 
and fugitive from his native land, 
deserted by his friends and nearest 
relations, had to seek refuge with 
his very enemies. Driven back 
from the Mohammedans in Kebbi, 
he now turned towards the pagans 
of Gurma, and those very inhabit- 
ants of Tinfiri upon whom he had 
made war two years before; and, 
indeed, the pagans were more mer- 
ciful than the Mohammedans, and 
forgot their recent wrong sooner 
than the latter their old one ; but 
probably the ex-king excited their 
fear; and, after having resided 
there some time, he was slain, to- 
gether with his son and all his 
followers, in the month of Ju- 
mada the second. 
Meanwhile there seemed to be still 
a slight prospect for the pretender 
Mohammed Kagho to save at least 
part of the empire, as all that 
remained of wealth and authority 
in Songhay gathered round him 
to do him homage ; but even now 
the ancient family discord pre- 
vailed ; and while he strengthened 
himself by some of his brothers, 
whom he liberated from prison, 
especially Nuh, the former go- 
vernor of Bantal, others among 
his brothers, sons of Daud, fled to 
the enemy, and, being well re- 
ceived, dragged after them a great 
many of the most influential men 
of the army. After this, Moham- 
med Kagho was induced by 
treachery to throw himself upon 
the mercy of the Basha, from whom 
he received the assurance that he 
had nothing to fear ; but he was laid 
in chains, and soon after executed. 
The Basha Mahmud, although he 
